2026
Alameda, Cristina; Méndez, Gonzalo; Hervás, Raquel
Multi-Agent Architecture for Formative Assessment: An Integrated Approach to Error Diagnosis and Diagnostic Feedback Proceedings Article Forthcoming
In: 18th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, Scitepress, Forthcoming.
@inproceedings{AlamedaCSEDU2026,
title = {Multi-Agent Architecture for Formative Assessment: An Integrated Approach to Error Diagnosis and Diagnostic Feedback},
author = {Cristina Alameda and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/alamedacsedu2026/},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-05-18},
booktitle = {18th International Conference on Computer Supported Education},
publisher = {Scitepress},
abstract = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems demonstrate significant learning gains in mathematics education, yet widespread adoption remains constrained by prohibitive costs and infrastructure requirements that favor well-resourced institutions. Existing LLM-based approaches, while pedagogically promising, depend on high API expenses and cloud connectivity, limiting deployment in under-resourced contexts. We present a multi-agent cognitive architecture for automated formative assessment that operates using sub-2B parameter language models, requiring low resources and local execution. The system coordinates three specialized reasoning agents (abductive, deductive, and inductive) through majority voting, followed by expert student solution analysis and adaptive feedback generation incorporating student modeling and learning history. Evaluation on 1,024 grade-school mathematics problems demonstrates substantial improvements over single-agent baselines: F1-score of 0.907 vs. 0.738 (+22.9), with precision rising from 60.8% to 89.0% (+28.2), and critically reducing false positives from 31.2% to 5.9%, a pedagogically essential improvement for maintaining learners trust. Expert validation by 13 computer scientist and educators confirms superior feedback quality (mean rating 5.2 vs. 3.6, p \< 0.001) across dimensions including diagnostic accuracy, clarity, and pedagogical value, with 63% expert preference for multi-agent feedback. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that effective educational AI requires massive frontier models, demonstrating that thoughtfully orchestrated small language models can deliver pedagogically reliable formative assessment while operating on commodity hardware. By addressing cost and infrastructure barriers, this work aims to democratize adaptive tutoring technologies for global educational equity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Intelligent Tutoring Systems demonstrate significant learning gains in mathematics education, yet widespread adoption remains constrained by prohibitive costs and infrastructure requirements that favor well-resourced institutions. Existing LLM-based approaches, while pedagogically promising, depend on high API expenses and cloud connectivity, limiting deployment in under-resourced contexts. We present a multi-agent cognitive architecture for automated formative assessment that operates using sub-2B parameter language models, requiring low resources and local execution. The system coordinates three specialized reasoning agents (abductive, deductive, and inductive) through majority voting, followed by expert student solution analysis and adaptive feedback generation incorporating student modeling and learning history. Evaluation on 1,024 grade-school mathematics problems demonstrates substantial improvements over single-agent baselines: F1-score of 0.907 vs. 0.738 (+22.9), with precision rising from 60.8% to 89.0% (+28.2), and critically reducing false positives from 31.2% to 5.9%, a pedagogically essential improvement for maintaining learners trust. Expert validation by 13 computer scientist and educators confirms superior feedback quality (mean rating 5.2 vs. 3.6, p < 0.001) across dimensions including diagnostic accuracy, clarity, and pedagogical value, with 63% expert preference for multi-agent feedback. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that effective educational AI requires massive frontier models, demonstrating that thoughtfully orchestrated small language models can deliver pedagogically reliable formative assessment while operating on commodity hardware. By addressing cost and infrastructure barriers, this work aims to democratize adaptive tutoring technologies for global educational equity.
Alameda, Cristina; Méndez, Gonzalo; Hervás, Raquel
Towards Reliable Reasoning with Multi-Agent Cognitive Collaboration in Small Language Models Proceedings Article Forthcoming
In: 18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART2026), Scitepress, Forthcoming.
@inproceedings{AlamedaICAART2026,
title = {Towards Reliable Reasoning with Multi-Agent Cognitive Collaboration in Small Language Models},
author = {Cristina Alameda and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/AlamedaICAART2026.pdf},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-03-05},
urldate = {2026-03-05},
booktitle = {18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART2026)},
publisher = {Scitepress},
abstract = {Small Language Models offer practical advantages but face critical limitations, including poor self-calibration and inconsistent reasoning. We present MACoMoE (Multi-Agent Cognitive Mixture-of-Experts), a modular framework that addresses these challenges via structured cognitive specialization and collective validation, without increasing model size. The architecture separates reasoning generation from quality assessment across three layers: specialized cognitive reasoners (deductive, inductive, abductive), multi-perspective evaluators (logical validity, epistemic soundness, empirical groundedness), and a decision aggregation layer comparing four consensus mechanisms. Evaluation on 256 reasoning problems on two mathematical datasets shows that voting-based aggregation substantially outperforms self-assessment: Simple Majority achieves 95.7% alignment with ground truth versus 51.4% for self-confidence scoring (+44.3pp). Chain-of-Thought prompting improves accuracy by 29.3pp on MR-GSM8K and 23.4pp on MR-BEN while reducing reasoning steps by 36%, indicating efficiency gains through structured exploration. These results demonstrate that compact models can effectively serve as peer evaluators, and that simple consensus protocols suffice when reasoning diversity is ensured, offering a computationally efficient alternative to individual SLM deployment and costly frontier model ensembles.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Small Language Models offer practical advantages but face critical limitations, including poor self-calibration and inconsistent reasoning. We present MACoMoE (Multi-Agent Cognitive Mixture-of-Experts), a modular framework that addresses these challenges via structured cognitive specialization and collective validation, without increasing model size. The architecture separates reasoning generation from quality assessment across three layers: specialized cognitive reasoners (deductive, inductive, abductive), multi-perspective evaluators (logical validity, epistemic soundness, empirical groundedness), and a decision aggregation layer comparing four consensus mechanisms. Evaluation on 256 reasoning problems on two mathematical datasets shows that voting-based aggregation substantially outperforms self-assessment: Simple Majority achieves 95.7% alignment with ground truth versus 51.4% for self-confidence scoring (+44.3pp). Chain-of-Thought prompting improves accuracy by 29.3pp on MR-GSM8K and 23.4pp on MR-BEN while reducing reasoning steps by 36%, indicating efficiency gains through structured exploration. These results demonstrate that compact models can effectively serve as peer evaluators, and that simple consensus protocols suffice when reasoning diversity is ensured, offering a computationally efficient alternative to individual SLM deployment and costly frontier model ensembles.
Francisco, Virginia; Rodrigo, Covadonga; Iniesto, Francisco; Hervás, Raquel
Cognitive Accessibility in Generative AI Interfaces: A Systematic Review Journal Article
In: International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1-17, 2026.
@article{nokey,
title = {Cognitive Accessibility in Generative AI Interfaces: A Systematic Review},
author = {Virginia Francisco and Covadonga Rodrigo and Francisco Iniesto and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
editor = {Taylor and Francis},
doi = {10.1080/10447318.2026.2618562},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-01-22},
urldate = {2026-01-22},
journal = {International Journal of Human\textendashComputer Interaction},
pages = {1-17},
abstract = {Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) represents a significant shift in the way people interact with technology, with a growing impact in sectors such as education, communication, and content creation. Although its applications promise relevant benefits for people with cognitive disabilities, such as language simplification or support for task organization, there are also significant accessibility challenges that remain unexplored. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review focused on the cognitive accessibility of textual GAI interfaces. The main objective was to identify the current cognitive accessibility challenges inherent in textual GAI interfaces and to synthesize the solutions proposed to promote a more inclusive interaction. To this end, seven studies selected between 2020 and 2024 from four academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library) were analyzed. The analysis reveals that current interfaces impose excessive cognitive load and suffer from systemic lack of predictability and user scaffolding due to their reliance on complex prompt engineering and low explainability. Emerging proposals based on inclusive design, personalization, multimodal interfaces, and ethical frameworks are also identified. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for more empirical studies, specific design guidelines, and validated evaluation methods to ensure that generative technologies are truly accessible to all.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) represents a significant shift in the way people interact with technology, with a growing impact in sectors such as education, communication, and content creation. Although its applications promise relevant benefits for people with cognitive disabilities, such as language simplification or support for task organization, there are also significant accessibility challenges that remain unexplored. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review focused on the cognitive accessibility of textual GAI interfaces. The main objective was to identify the current cognitive accessibility challenges inherent in textual GAI interfaces and to synthesize the solutions proposed to promote a more inclusive interaction. To this end, seven studies selected between 2020 and 2024 from four academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library) were analyzed. The analysis reveals that current interfaces impose excessive cognitive load and suffer from systemic lack of predictability and user scaffolding due to their reliance on complex prompt engineering and low explainability. Emerging proposals based on inclusive design, personalization, multimodal interfaces, and ethical frameworks are also identified. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for more empirical studies, specific design guidelines, and validated evaluation methods to ensure that generative technologies are truly accessible to all.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
AI-Cinema: A Hybrid Framework for Arabic Movie Scenario Generation with Traditional Storytelling and Cultural Dialogues Journal Article Forthcoming
In: Complexity, Forthcoming.
@article{mossab2026aicinema,
title = {AI-Cinema: A Hybrid Framework for Arabic Movie Scenario Generation with Traditional Storytelling and Cultural Dialogues},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
year = {2026},
date = {2026-01-01},
journal = {Complexity},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2025
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
CULTURA: A Multi-Agent Neural–Symbolic System for Culturally-Aware Arabic Story Generation Proceedings Article
In: C. Dima, Ferrando (Ed.): PRIMA 2025: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, Cham, 2025, ISBN: 978-3-032-13562-9.
@inproceedings{mossab2025cultura,
title = {CULTURA: A Multi-Agent Neural\textendashSymbolic System for Culturally-Aware Arabic Story Generation},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
editor = {Dima, C., Ferrando, A., Malvone, V.},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-13562-9_24},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-13562-9_24},
isbn = {978-3-032-13562-9},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-15},
urldate = {2025-12-15},
booktitle = {PRIMA 2025: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems},
volume = {16366},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Cham},
series = {LNCS},
abstract = {Contemporary Arabic narrative generation systems often fail to capture nuanced cultural authenticity, primarily addressing dialectal variation as a lexical challenge rather than encoding deeper cultural schemas. The distinction between (Egyptian) and (Levantine) for “The story began in Cairo” exemplifies cultural resonance patterns that standardized approaches overlook. We present CULTURA, a neural-symbolic framework orchestrating three specialized agents: (1) CNN-based dialect classification (94.3% accuracy across six Arabic varieties); (2) OWL 2 DL ontology encoding cultural narrative schemas; (3) PPLM-enhanced generation with schema-guided cultural steering. Evaluation on 2,847 prompts across six dialects shows improvements over strong baselines: Dialect F1 = 84.2% vs. 68.9% (AraT5), CMPI = 0.82 vs. 0.49, and human cultural resonance 6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.4 (7-point Likert), all by paired bootstrap, p\<0.001.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Contemporary Arabic narrative generation systems often fail to capture nuanced cultural authenticity, primarily addressing dialectal variation as a lexical challenge rather than encoding deeper cultural schemas. The distinction between (Egyptian) and (Levantine) for “The story began in Cairo” exemplifies cultural resonance patterns that standardized approaches overlook. We present CULTURA, a neural-symbolic framework orchestrating three specialized agents: (1) CNN-based dialect classification (94.3% accuracy across six Arabic varieties); (2) OWL 2 DL ontology encoding cultural narrative schemas; (3) PPLM-enhanced generation with schema-guided cultural steering. Evaluation on 2,847 prompts across six dialects shows improvements over strong baselines: Dialect F1 = 84.2% vs. 68.9% (AraT5), CMPI = 0.82 vs. 0.49, and human cultural resonance 6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.4 (7-point Likert), all by paired bootstrap, p<0.001.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Neural-Symbolic AI for Culturally Adaptive Arabic Sign-Language Translation with Motion-Capture Avatars Proceedings Article
In: C. Dima, Ferrando (Ed.): PRIMA 2025: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, Cham, 2025, ISBN: 978-3-032-13562-9.
@inproceedings{mossab2025prima,
title = {Neural-Symbolic AI for Culturally Adaptive Arabic Sign-Language Translation with Motion-Capture Avatars},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
editor = {Dima, C., Ferrando, A., Malvone, V.},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-13562-9_25},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-13562-9_25},
isbn = {978-3-032-13562-9},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-15},
urldate = {2025-12-15},
booktitle = {PRIMA 2025: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems},
volume = {16366},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Cham},
abstract = {Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) presents formidable communication barriers for 17\textendash23 million deaf individuals across 460 million Arabic speakers. We introduce a neural-symbolic framework addressing dialectal variation through spatiotemporal constraint injection, embedding grammatical rules as optimizable symbolic loss terms. Our multi-agent coordination system employs symbolic validators that inject dialect-specific rules with physics-informed motion synthesis to generate culturally authentic gestures. The framework achieves 40% higher accuracy than Mahmoud et al. [1], with 95% gesture fidelity (F1@0.5 IoU) and 85 ms median latency on consumer hardware. Cultural authenticity scored 4.6/5 by native signers across 15 dialects. Real-world deployments in educational and healthcare settings elevated communication success rates from 45% to 83%. The most persistent errors (3%) stem from Levantine trilateral root conflations\textemdashexemplified by \d{s}a\d{h}\={i}fa ( , ”clear newspaper”) versus \d{s}u\d{h}uf ( , ”multiple newspapers”)\textemdashdemonstrating the model’s capacity for morphological decomposition while maintaining cultural coherence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) presents formidable communication barriers for 17–23 million deaf individuals across 460 million Arabic speakers. We introduce a neural-symbolic framework addressing dialectal variation through spatiotemporal constraint injection, embedding grammatical rules as optimizable symbolic loss terms. Our multi-agent coordination system employs symbolic validators that inject dialect-specific rules with physics-informed motion synthesis to generate culturally authentic gestures. The framework achieves 40% higher accuracy than Mahmoud et al. [1], with 95% gesture fidelity (F1@0.5 IoU) and 85 ms median latency on consumer hardware. Cultural authenticity scored 4.6/5 by native signers across 15 dialects. Real-world deployments in educational and healthcare settings elevated communication success rates from 45% to 83%. The most persistent errors (3%) stem from Levantine trilateral root conflations—exemplified by ṣaḥīfa ( , ”clear newspaper”) versus ṣuḥuf ( , ”multiple newspapers”)—demonstrating the model’s capacity for morphological decomposition while maintaining cultural coherence.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
CST-Onto: An Ontological Framework for Culturally-Grounded Narrative Generation in Arabic Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture K-CAP 2025, pp. 174-181, ACM Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, 2025, ISBN: 9798400718670.
@inproceedings{ibrahim2025kcap,
title = {CST-Onto: An Ontological Framework for Culturally-Grounded Narrative Generation in Arabic},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3731443.3771364},
doi = {10.1145/3731443.3771364},
isbn = {9798400718670},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-10},
urldate = {2025-12-10},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture K-CAP 2025},
pages = {174-181},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {Contemporary Arabic narrative generation faces a critical cultural authenticity crisis, where neural models systematically violate classical adab principles despite sophisticated linguistic capabilities. We introduce CST-Onto, a hybrid neuro-symbolic framework addressing this challenge through the first domain-specific OWL/SWRL ontology for Arabic cultural narratives. Our four-tier ontology encodes 87 core cultural archetypes from expert annotations of Kal\={i}la wa Dimna and One Thousand and One Nights [13], expanded to 847 specialized concepts through systematic derivation protocols. The framework formalizes 234 SWRL rules modeling virtue dependencies (e.g., \d{h}ak\={i}m → \d{h}ilm, ʿadl, fa\d{s}\={a}\d{h}a) that directly enhance symbolic-neural integration via constraint-aware neural decoding. Our constraint-injection algorithm maintains sub-28 ms/token latency on NVIDIA V100 GPUs across 1,000 narrative segments, enabling real-time cultural schema enforcement. Evaluation using our novel CRAFT benchmark demonstrates substantial improvements: across 120 native Arabic speakers, we report role coherence (= 0.89), moral-causality consistency (= 0.83), and dialectal authenticity (= 0.92) using validated classifier methodologies. CST-Onto outputs achieved 78% human preference in pairwise comparisons (\< 0.001) against baseline models, representing a 21% improvement in cultural fidelity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Contemporary Arabic narrative generation faces a critical cultural authenticity crisis, where neural models systematically violate classical adab principles despite sophisticated linguistic capabilities. We introduce CST-Onto, a hybrid neuro-symbolic framework addressing this challenge through the first domain-specific OWL/SWRL ontology for Arabic cultural narratives. Our four-tier ontology encodes 87 core cultural archetypes from expert annotations of Kalīla wa Dimna and One Thousand and One Nights [13], expanded to 847 specialized concepts through systematic derivation protocols. The framework formalizes 234 SWRL rules modeling virtue dependencies (e.g., ḥakīm → ḥilm, ʿadl, faṣāḥa) that directly enhance symbolic-neural integration via constraint-aware neural decoding. Our constraint-injection algorithm maintains sub-28 ms/token latency on NVIDIA V100 GPUs across 1,000 narrative segments, enabling real-time cultural schema enforcement. Evaluation using our novel CRAFT benchmark demonstrates substantial improvements: across 120 native Arabic speakers, we report role coherence (= 0.89), moral-causality consistency (= 0.83), and dialectal authenticity (= 0.92) using validated classifier methodologies. CST-Onto outputs achieved 78% human preference in pairwise comparisons (< 0.001) against baseline models, representing a 21% improvement in cultural fidelity.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
MM-GTA: Morphological Modeling via Graph-based Text Adaptation for Arabic Dialect Transfer Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2025), pp. 198-205, ACM Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, 2025, ISBN: 9798400718670.
@inproceedings{mossab2025mmgta,
title = {MM-GTA: Morphological Modeling via Graph-based Text Adaptation for Arabic Dialect Transfer},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3731443.3771368},
doi = {10.1145/3731443.3771368},
isbn = {9798400718670},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-10},
urldate = {2025-12-10},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2025)},
pages = {198-205},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {Arabic text adaptation confronts severe computational barriers from morphological complexity and dialectal fragmentation. Current graph-based methods employ static representations that fail to capture evolving morphological dependencies, causing substantial semantic degradation (28.0% cross-dialectal error rate) across dialectal boundaries.
We introduce MM-GTA (Morphological Modeling via Graphbased Text Adaptation), the first dynamic-graph framework for Arabic style transfer that jointly optimizes morphological dynamism, dialect-conditioned attention, and cultural-adaptive resource fusion (dialect-aware embedding compression). MM-GTA introduces dynamic graph reconstruction and dialect-conditioned attention, reducing cross-dialect errors by 55.8% versus AraT5 (from 28.0% to 12.3%).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Arabic text adaptation confronts severe computational barriers from morphological complexity and dialectal fragmentation. Current graph-based methods employ static representations that fail to capture evolving morphological dependencies, causing substantial semantic degradation (28.0% cross-dialectal error rate) across dialectal boundaries.
We introduce MM-GTA (Morphological Modeling via Graphbased Text Adaptation), the first dynamic-graph framework for Arabic style transfer that jointly optimizes morphological dynamism, dialect-conditioned attention, and cultural-adaptive resource fusion (dialect-aware embedding compression). MM-GTA introduces dynamic graph reconstruction and dialect-conditioned attention, reducing cross-dialect errors by 55.8% versus AraT5 (from 28.0% to 12.3%).
We introduce MM-GTA (Morphological Modeling via Graphbased Text Adaptation), the first dynamic-graph framework for Arabic style transfer that jointly optimizes morphological dynamism, dialect-conditioned attention, and cultural-adaptive resource fusion (dialect-aware embedding compression). MM-GTA introduces dynamic graph reconstruction and dialect-conditioned attention, reducing cross-dialect errors by 55.8% versus AraT5 (from 28.0% to 12.3%).
Guasch, Daniel; Rodrigo, Covadonga; Francisco, Virginia; Hervás, Raquel
Roadmap to inclusive Artificial Intelligence for persons with intellectual disability Journal Article
In: Journal of Accessibility and Design for All (JACCES), vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 74-96, 2025, ISBN: 2013-7087.
@article{nokey,
title = {Roadmap to inclusive Artificial Intelligence for persons with intellectual disability},
author = {Daniel Guasch and Covadonga Rodrigo and Virginia Francisco and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.17411/jacces.v15i2.625},
isbn = {2013-7087},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-11},
urldate = {2025-11-11},
journal = {Journal of Accessibility and Design for All (JACCES)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {74-96},
abstract = {The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses significant opportunities and challenges for historically discriminated groups, such as persons with intellectual disabilities. This article proposes a conceptual framework that enables an inclusive and accessible approach to designing generative AI systems. Based on an exhaustive review of legislative, socio-health, and technological sources, key concepts such as disability, accessibility, and usability are defined and related, with intellectual disability serving as the central objective of this work. The need to apply principles of Universal Design (UD) and User-Centred Design (UCD) is highlighted to ensure products, environments, and services that are understandable, usable, and customisable. Finally, specific challenges are identified in the development of generative AI tools in Spain for persons with intellectual disabilities, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote inclusive AI for all.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses significant opportunities and challenges for historically discriminated groups, such as persons with intellectual disabilities. This article proposes a conceptual framework that enables an inclusive and accessible approach to designing generative AI systems. Based on an exhaustive review of legislative, socio-health, and technological sources, key concepts such as disability, accessibility, and usability are defined and related, with intellectual disability serving as the central objective of this work. The need to apply principles of Universal Design (UD) and User-Centred Design (UCD) is highlighted to ensure products, environments, and services that are understandable, usable, and customisable. Finally, specific challenges are identified in the development of generative AI tools in Spain for persons with intellectual disabilities, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote inclusive AI for all.
Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
Effectiveness of information modality in virtual reality tutorials Journal Article
In: Virtual Reality, vol. 30, no. 2, 2025, ISBN: 1434-9957.
@article{nokey,
title = {Effectiveness of information modality in virtual reality tutorials},
author = {Alejandro Villar and Carlos Le\'{o}n },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01240-y},
isbn = {1434-9957},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-02},
urldate = {2025-11-02},
journal = {Virtual Reality},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
abstract = {Virtual reality can be the optimal trade-off between cost, safety, user experience and learning effectiveness in specific scenarios, like those involving security risks. However, subjects not trained on using virtual systems can have difficulties when using with the virtual environment, preventing them from properly using or understanding the interactions. Immersive tutorials can lower the entry barrier and help users get acquainted with the system, but the learning objectives and interaction methods can be diverse and require different information modalities for a proper understanding. We have conducted a study in which tutorials in a virtual reality system were conveyed with different combinations of text and video with the objective of quantifying the effectiveness of different information modalities. Participants were divided into 4 groups with different information modality combinations, in scenarios for learning how to proceed in radiation emergencies. Results indicate that text effectively conveys new and essential system concepts to users, particularly in systems designed to reinforce a specific concept; and video is more effective when visually demonstrating basic variations of previously learned actions. Additionally, it has been observed that information conveyed through videos promotes interactions with both hands interchangeably. The results can be applied to the design of better adapted tutorials in virtual reality.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual reality can be the optimal trade-off between cost, safety, user experience and learning effectiveness in specific scenarios, like those involving security risks. However, subjects not trained on using virtual systems can have difficulties when using with the virtual environment, preventing them from properly using or understanding the interactions. Immersive tutorials can lower the entry barrier and help users get acquainted with the system, but the learning objectives and interaction methods can be diverse and require different information modalities for a proper understanding. We have conducted a study in which tutorials in a virtual reality system were conveyed with different combinations of text and video with the objective of quantifying the effectiveness of different information modalities. Participants were divided into 4 groups with different information modality combinations, in scenarios for learning how to proceed in radiation emergencies. Results indicate that text effectively conveys new and essential system concepts to users, particularly in systems designed to reinforce a specific concept; and video is more effective when visually demonstrating basic variations of previously learned actions. Additionally, it has been observed that information conveyed through videos promotes interactions with both hands interchangeably. The results can be applied to the design of better adapted tutorials in virtual reality.
Macías, Leonardo; Villar, Alejandro; Sancho, Pilar; Méndez, Gonzalo
ADARVE-LLM: Using LLM-Agents as Intelligent Tutors to Train Security Forces in Radiological Protection Proceedings Article
In: Second Workshop on "eXtended Reality & Intelligent Agents" (XRIA25) @ ECAI25, 2025.
@inproceedings{MendezXRIA2025,
title = {ADARVE-LLM: Using LLM-Agents as Intelligent Tutors to Train Security Forces in Radiological Protection},
author = {Leonardo Mac\'{i}as and Alejandro Villar and Pilar Sancho and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/XRIA2025_ADARVE_LLM_TUTOR.pdf
https://drive.google.com/file/d/141i8hqqzJHhsNjFiIhYp_Rm0WUDqvpgy/view?usp=sharing},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-25},
urldate = {2025-10-25},
booktitle = {Second Workshop on "eXtended Reality \& Intelligent Agents" (XRIA25) @ ECAI25},
abstract = {This paper describes the design of a system that combines Virtual Reality, Intelligent Agents and Large Language Models to create a training environment for the management of small radiological emergencies that allows students to communicate fluently with the tutor agent. The system is comprised of a VR environment where the user must face a basic radioactive emergency. This environment has been designed following the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. The student is supported by an intelligent tutor that makes use of LLMs to enhance the communication with the student. This tutor has been designed using a multiagent system that is in charge of supervising the students, answering their questions and providing a human supervisor with reports about the training sessions. Although the system has yet to be further tested, initial evaluations with both expert and final users show a high degree of acceptance and a high success rate in the communication between users and the tutor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper describes the design of a system that combines Virtual Reality, Intelligent Agents and Large Language Models to create a training environment for the management of small radiological emergencies that allows students to communicate fluently with the tutor agent. The system is comprised of a VR environment where the user must face a basic radioactive emergency. This environment has been designed following the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. The student is supported by an intelligent tutor that makes use of LLMs to enhance the communication with the student. This tutor has been designed using a multiagent system that is in charge of supervising the students, answering their questions and providing a human supervisor with reports about the training sessions. Although the system has yet to be further tested, initial evaluations with both expert and final users show a high degree of acceptance and a high success rate in the communication between users and the tutor.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
NarrativeMind: A Dynamic Neural-Symbolic Decoder for Culturally-Authentic Arabic Story Generation Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS2025), Scitepress, 2025.
@inproceedings{ibrahim2025narrativemind,
title = {NarrativeMind: A Dynamic Neural-Symbolic Decoder for Culturally-Authentic Arabic Story Generation},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-15538-2_7
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-15538-2_7
https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/NarrativeMind-CoopIS2025.pdf
https://www.insticc.org/Primoris/api/TechnicalProgram/DownloadBookofAbstract?id=4009},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-21},
urldate = {2025-10-21},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS2025)},
publisher = {Scitepress},
abstract = {We introduce NarrativeMind, a previously-unexplored cooperative neural-symbolic decoder in Arabic NLP that dynamically injects dialect-specific cultural constraints during generation. Our approach achieving +3.5 BLEU improvement over AraBERT (from 26.3 to 29.8) while reducing MSA bias by 58%, addressing the critical gap where traditional Arabic narrative systems inadequately capture the rhetorical sophistication embedded in morphologically complex literary forms. The hybrid architecture seamlessly integrates classical Arabic structures into BLOOMZ’s decoding through weighted interpolation, preserving essential rhetorical devices. For instance, it maintains (saj´) patterns in (wisdom in words, blessing in currency) and (jinas¯ ) wordplay as demonstrated in (the speaker said to the killer). Unlike rigid frameworks, NarrativeMind adapts fluidly across Modern Standard Arabic and six regional dialects, particularly benefiting under-resourced Maghrebi varieties. Our real-time multi-dialect collaboration employs adaptive constraint weighting, optimizing both BLEU coherence and our novel CulturalScore metric. This metric derives from 2,500 expert-annotated templates spanning classical (maqam¯ at¯ ) to contemporary (h. ikay¯ at sha´biyya ¯ ), ensuring comprehensive cultural representation. MADAR corpus evaluation (n=12,000) demonstrates substantial improvements: BLEU scores reached 29.8 ± 0.4 versus 27.1 ± 0.3 for baselines, with dialectal accuracy achieving κ = 0.76 compared to 0.70. Human evaluation involving 15 linguists and 185 native speakers validates 82.5% cultural authenticity (p \< 0.01), confirming effective cross-regional story co-creation while preserving dialectal integrity.},
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We introduce NarrativeMind, a previously-unexplored cooperative neural-symbolic decoder in Arabic NLP that dynamically injects dialect-specific cultural constraints during generation. Our approach achieving +3.5 BLEU improvement over AraBERT (from 26.3 to 29.8) while reducing MSA bias by 58%, addressing the critical gap where traditional Arabic narrative systems inadequately capture the rhetorical sophistication embedded in morphologically complex literary forms. The hybrid architecture seamlessly integrates classical Arabic structures into BLOOMZ’s decoding through weighted interpolation, preserving essential rhetorical devices. For instance, it maintains (saj´) patterns in (wisdom in words, blessing in currency) and (jinas¯ ) wordplay as demonstrated in (the speaker said to the killer). Unlike rigid frameworks, NarrativeMind adapts fluidly across Modern Standard Arabic and six regional dialects, particularly benefiting under-resourced Maghrebi varieties. Our real-time multi-dialect collaboration employs adaptive constraint weighting, optimizing both BLEU coherence and our novel CulturalScore metric. This metric derives from 2,500 expert-annotated templates spanning classical (maqam¯ at¯ ) to contemporary (h. ikay¯ at sha´biyya ¯ ), ensuring comprehensive cultural representation. MADAR corpus evaluation (n=12,000) demonstrates substantial improvements: BLEU scores reached 29.8 ± 0.4 versus 27.1 ± 0.3 for baselines, with dialectal accuracy achieving κ = 0.76 compared to 0.70. Human evaluation involving 15 linguists and 185 native speakers validates 82.5% cultural authenticity (p < 0.01), confirming effective cross-regional story co-creation while preserving dialectal integrity.
Corsetti, Barbara; Moreno, Lourdes; Hervás, Raquel
Evaluating Eleuteria App: the deliver stage of an inclusive double diamond design process Proceedings Article
In: 25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACCIÓN 2025), Asociación Interacción Persona-Ordenador (AIPO), 2025.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {Evaluating Eleuteria App: the deliver stage of an inclusive double diamond design process},
author = {Barbara Corsetti and Lourdes Moreno and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4000/paper11.pdf},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-09-05},
urldate = {2025-09-05},
booktitle = {25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACCI\'{O}N 2025)},
publisher = {Asociaci\'{o}n Interacci\'{o}n Persona-Ordenador (AIPO)},
abstract = {Interactive systems are firmly becoming fundamental in daily life, providing users with tools to enhance their autonomy, communication, self-organization, and overall well-being. Due to their helpful impact on users’ lives, interactive systems are increasingly being applied as supportive products for individuals with mild intellectual impairments. Thus, delivering accessible and intuitive interactive solutions tailored to the needs of these individuals is a way to support their autonomy.
This paper presents the findings from the Deliver stage of a design project based on the Double Diamond Model. The focus was to evaluate the prototype of Eleuteria App\textendashan interactive system specifically designed to support individuals with mild intellectual impairments and their caregivers\textendashbefore its implementation and first release. The system enables individuals to manage their income, apply for jobs within or outside their foundation, communicate with family and caregivers, and locate loved ones, while also equipping caregivers with tools to monitor and track those in their care. The evaluation process involved iterative user testing with five individuals with mild intellectual impairments and six caregivers. In addition, three product designers performed a heuristic evaluation (using a checklist aligned with Nielsen’s ten usability principles) to identify design issues and opportunities for improvement. The evaluation revealed strong user engagement and high interest from caregivers, highlighting the need to tailor interaction design for users with intellectual disabilities. These findings
contribute to inclusive design practices by emphasising iterative user testing, adapted evaluation protocols, and the value of early-stage expert input to ensure accessible and engaging digital experiences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Interactive systems are firmly becoming fundamental in daily life, providing users with tools to enhance their autonomy, communication, self-organization, and overall well-being. Due to their helpful impact on users’ lives, interactive systems are increasingly being applied as supportive products for individuals with mild intellectual impairments. Thus, delivering accessible and intuitive interactive solutions tailored to the needs of these individuals is a way to support their autonomy.
This paper presents the findings from the Deliver stage of a design project based on the Double Diamond Model. The focus was to evaluate the prototype of Eleuteria App–an interactive system specifically designed to support individuals with mild intellectual impairments and their caregivers–before its implementation and first release. The system enables individuals to manage their income, apply for jobs within or outside their foundation, communicate with family and caregivers, and locate loved ones, while also equipping caregivers with tools to monitor and track those in their care. The evaluation process involved iterative user testing with five individuals with mild intellectual impairments and six caregivers. In addition, three product designers performed a heuristic evaluation (using a checklist aligned with Nielsen’s ten usability principles) to identify design issues and opportunities for improvement. The evaluation revealed strong user engagement and high interest from caregivers, highlighting the need to tailor interaction design for users with intellectual disabilities. These findings
contribute to inclusive design practices by emphasising iterative user testing, adapted evaluation protocols, and the value of early-stage expert input to ensure accessible and engaging digital experiences.
This paper presents the findings from the Deliver stage of a design project based on the Double Diamond Model. The focus was to evaluate the prototype of Eleuteria App–an interactive system specifically designed to support individuals with mild intellectual impairments and their caregivers–before its implementation and first release. The system enables individuals to manage their income, apply for jobs within or outside their foundation, communicate with family and caregivers, and locate loved ones, while also equipping caregivers with tools to monitor and track those in their care. The evaluation process involved iterative user testing with five individuals with mild intellectual impairments and six caregivers. In addition, three product designers performed a heuristic evaluation (using a checklist aligned with Nielsen’s ten usability principles) to identify design issues and opportunities for improvement. The evaluation revealed strong user engagement and high interest from caregivers, highlighting the need to tailor interaction design for users with intellectual disabilities. These findings
contribute to inclusive design practices by emphasising iterative user testing, adapted evaluation protocols, and the value of early-stage expert input to ensure accessible and engaging digital experiences.
Francisco, Virginia; Hervás, Raquel; García-Mata, Ricardo
Challenges in Accessing Generative AI for Users with Cognitive Disabilities: An Exploratory Case Study Proceedings Article
In: 25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACCIÓN 2025), Asociación Interacción Persona-Ordenador (AIPO), 2025.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {Challenges in Accessing Generative AI for Users with Cognitive Disabilities: An Exploratory Case Study},
author = {Virginia Francisco and Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Ricardo Garc\'{i}a-Mata},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4000/paper09.pdf},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-09-05},
urldate = {2025-09-05},
booktitle = {25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACCI\'{O}N 2025)},
publisher = {Asociaci\'{o}n Interacci\'{o}n Persona-Ordenador (AIPO)},
abstract = {Generative Artificial Intelligences (GAIs) have great potential for people with cognitive disabilities, since they can increase their autonomy, offer them personalized learning and break down the barriers that this group raditionally has to access information. To address this gap, this paper investigates the specific difficulties experienced by users with cognitive disabilities when interacting with GAIs.
We present an exploratory case study involving 16 students with cognitive disabilities enrolled in a universitybased educational program. ChatGPT was selected as the representative GAI tool due to its popularity and the similarity of its interface and interaction paradigms to those of other widely used Generative AI systems. The intervention was integrated into the students’ academic curriculum and involved completing practical academic tasks using ChatGPT. A mixed methodological approach was employed, combining pre- and post-intervention questionnaires completed by students and tutors/experts, along with on-site observations during the sessions.
Results of this exploratory study corroborate the existence of remarkable barriers in basic interaction areas: question formulation (69% of students required support), response comprehension (56% reported understanding
answers only occasionally), and information verification (only 19% were able to verify the system responses independently). Suggestions for improvement, from the perspective of the users and their tutor, include more guided interfaces with predefined question templates and contextual suggestions, customizable output formats with language simplification, enhanced spelling correction tools, interactive explanations of complex terms and built-in verification aids.
This study highlights the need to design GAI interfaces with a strong focus on cognitive accessibility. Future development should prioritize multimodal and adaptive interaction models, support tools for comprehension and verification, and interaction designs that promote greater autonomy for users with cognitive disabilities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Generative Artificial Intelligences (GAIs) have great potential for people with cognitive disabilities, since they can increase their autonomy, offer them personalized learning and break down the barriers that this group raditionally has to access information. To address this gap, this paper investigates the specific difficulties experienced by users with cognitive disabilities when interacting with GAIs.
We present an exploratory case study involving 16 students with cognitive disabilities enrolled in a universitybased educational program. ChatGPT was selected as the representative GAI tool due to its popularity and the similarity of its interface and interaction paradigms to those of other widely used Generative AI systems. The intervention was integrated into the students’ academic curriculum and involved completing practical academic tasks using ChatGPT. A mixed methodological approach was employed, combining pre- and post-intervention questionnaires completed by students and tutors/experts, along with on-site observations during the sessions.
Results of this exploratory study corroborate the existence of remarkable barriers in basic interaction areas: question formulation (69% of students required support), response comprehension (56% reported understanding
answers only occasionally), and information verification (only 19% were able to verify the system responses independently). Suggestions for improvement, from the perspective of the users and their tutor, include more guided interfaces with predefined question templates and contextual suggestions, customizable output formats with language simplification, enhanced spelling correction tools, interactive explanations of complex terms and built-in verification aids.
This study highlights the need to design GAI interfaces with a strong focus on cognitive accessibility. Future development should prioritize multimodal and adaptive interaction models, support tools for comprehension and verification, and interaction designs that promote greater autonomy for users with cognitive disabilities.
We present an exploratory case study involving 16 students with cognitive disabilities enrolled in a universitybased educational program. ChatGPT was selected as the representative GAI tool due to its popularity and the similarity of its interface and interaction paradigms to those of other widely used Generative AI systems. The intervention was integrated into the students’ academic curriculum and involved completing practical academic tasks using ChatGPT. A mixed methodological approach was employed, combining pre- and post-intervention questionnaires completed by students and tutors/experts, along with on-site observations during the sessions.
Results of this exploratory study corroborate the existence of remarkable barriers in basic interaction areas: question formulation (69% of students required support), response comprehension (56% reported understanding
answers only occasionally), and information verification (only 19% were able to verify the system responses independently). Suggestions for improvement, from the perspective of the users and their tutor, include more guided interfaces with predefined question templates and contextual suggestions, customizable output formats with language simplification, enhanced spelling correction tools, interactive explanations of complex terms and built-in verification aids.
This study highlights the need to design GAI interfaces with a strong focus on cognitive accessibility. Future development should prioritize multimodal and adaptive interaction models, support tools for comprehension and verification, and interaction designs that promote greater autonomy for users with cognitive disabilities.
Bousnitra, Walid; Hervás, Raquel; Díaz, Alberto; Leo, Daniel; Martín, Carlos; Sosa, Sirma
Self-guided interpretation of images for blind users based on multi-layered interaction Journal Article
In: Universal Access in the Information Society, vol. 24, pp. 3165–3183, 2025, ISSN: 1615-5297.
@article{Bousnitra2025,
title = {Self-guided interpretation of images for blind users based on multi-layered interaction},
author = {Walid Bousnitra and Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Alberto D\'{i}az and Daniel Leo and Carlos Mart\'{i}n and Sirma Sosa},
doi = {10.1007/s10209-025-01256-w},
issn = {1615-5297},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-09-02},
urldate = {2025-09-02},
journal = {Universal Access in the Information Society},
volume = {24},
pages = {3165\textendash3183},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Image spatial composition, information about the number of objects and their characteristics, and additional details such as the colors and attributes of the people in the scene can provide additional information in an image or photograph. However, the usual approaches to make images accessible to blind persons focus mainly on describing the image’s content, without inquiring into other aspects such as spatial composition, colors, background, known faces, etc. In doing so, much information that is present in the image but not included in the description is missing for a blind user. This work explores the combination of image captioning and object detection techniques with the final goal of making images more accessible to blind users. The approach is twofold: (1) state-of-the-art algorithms of image captioning and object detection will be combined so blind users can extract different kinds of information from a given image; and (2) blind users will guide the exploration of the images, so they can gather all the information in a personalized manner and make their own interpretation. This novel interaction is designed as a self-guided multi-layered approach, enabling blind users to personalize their exploration of image content by both guiding the process and accessing the different layers of information as desired. We implemented a mobile application based on requirements obtained from blind users and performed an evaluation that provided promising results. The participants were reasonably satisfied with the usability of the prototype, and in general they were able to gather additional information through their tactile exploration that was not present in the initial image descriptions. However, some issues that were detected in the evaluation, and functionalities that could not be implemented, will be addressed in future work.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Image spatial composition, information about the number of objects and their characteristics, and additional details such as the colors and attributes of the people in the scene can provide additional information in an image or photograph. However, the usual approaches to make images accessible to blind persons focus mainly on describing the image’s content, without inquiring into other aspects such as spatial composition, colors, background, known faces, etc. In doing so, much information that is present in the image but not included in the description is missing for a blind user. This work explores the combination of image captioning and object detection techniques with the final goal of making images more accessible to blind users. The approach is twofold: (1) state-of-the-art algorithms of image captioning and object detection will be combined so blind users can extract different kinds of information from a given image; and (2) blind users will guide the exploration of the images, so they can gather all the information in a personalized manner and make their own interpretation. This novel interaction is designed as a self-guided multi-layered approach, enabling blind users to personalize their exploration of image content by both guiding the process and accessing the different layers of information as desired. We implemented a mobile application based on requirements obtained from blind users and performed an evaluation that provided promising results. The participants were reasonably satisfied with the usability of the prototype, and in general they were able to gather additional information through their tactile exploration that was not present in the initial image descriptions. However, some issues that were detected in the evaluation, and functionalities that could not be implemented, will be addressed in future work.
Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
Experienced Video Game Players Interaction Preferences with Game Proceedings Article
In: Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2025. ICEC 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,, pp. 360-374, Springer, 2025, ISBN: 978-3-032-02555-5.
@inproceedings{Villar2025,
title = {Experienced Video Game Players Interaction Preferences with Game},
author = {Alejandro Villar and Carlos Le\'{o}n},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-02555-5_26},
isbn = {978-3-032-02555-5},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-22},
urldate = {2025-08-22},
booktitle = {Entertainment Computing \textendash ICEC 2025. ICEC 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,},
pages = {360-374},
publisher = {Springer},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Corsetti, Barbara; Hervás, Raquel; Moreno, Lourdes
Eleuteria App: Designing an Interactive System to Support Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities Journal Article
In: Universal Access in the Information Society, vol. 24, pp. 3271–3288, 2025, ISSN: 1615-5297.
@article{nokey,
title = {Eleuteria App: Designing an Interactive System to Support Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities},
author = {Barbara Corsetti and Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Lourdes Moreno},
doi = { https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01247-x},
issn = {1615-5297},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-08},
urldate = {2025-08-08},
journal = {Universal Access in the Information Society},
volume = {24},
pages = {3271\textendash3288},
abstract = {Interactive systems improve accessibility in various daily scenarios. This has led to an increasing emphasis on designing and prototyping technologies tailored for individuals with intellectual disabilities. In this context, incorporating diverse perspectives during the design process ensures the systems address needs effectively and inclusively. This paper focuses on creating a supportive system, called Eleuteria App, to allow individuals with mild intellectual disabilities to be more autonomous and independent. The work follows the Double Diamond model requirements presenting an iterative and multi-step methodology for the Develop stage, highlighting the collaborative integration of observations from various stakeholders - including individuals with mild intellectual disabilities, caregivers, developers, accessibility experts, and researchers - to deliver an impactful supportive system. Building on the Define stage explored in previous research, this study proposes a structured methodology for the Develop stage involving four critical steps: (1) the development of a high-fidelity prototype; (2) a comprehensive validation by accessibility experts; (3) user testing involving both designers and developers; and (4) the update of the prototype according to the received feedback. The sessions with accessibility experts focused on ensuring the prototype met accessibility standards, such as WCAG compliance and plain language principles. At the same time, the involvement of designers and developers provided insights into practical usability and technical viability. The findings demonstrate that integrating diverse perspectives\textendashparticularly those of designers, accessibility experts, and developers\textendashis crucial in crafting an accessible, user-friendly interactive system for individuals with mild intellectual impairments. Based on feedback from all evaluators, significant enhancements were made in the app to better align with their recommendations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interactive systems improve accessibility in various daily scenarios. This has led to an increasing emphasis on designing and prototyping technologies tailored for individuals with intellectual disabilities. In this context, incorporating diverse perspectives during the design process ensures the systems address needs effectively and inclusively. This paper focuses on creating a supportive system, called Eleuteria App, to allow individuals with mild intellectual disabilities to be more autonomous and independent. The work follows the Double Diamond model requirements presenting an iterative and multi-step methodology for the Develop stage, highlighting the collaborative integration of observations from various stakeholders - including individuals with mild intellectual disabilities, caregivers, developers, accessibility experts, and researchers - to deliver an impactful supportive system. Building on the Define stage explored in previous research, this study proposes a structured methodology for the Develop stage involving four critical steps: (1) the development of a high-fidelity prototype; (2) a comprehensive validation by accessibility experts; (3) user testing involving both designers and developers; and (4) the update of the prototype according to the received feedback. The sessions with accessibility experts focused on ensuring the prototype met accessibility standards, such as WCAG compliance and plain language principles. At the same time, the involvement of designers and developers provided insights into practical usability and technical viability. The findings demonstrate that integrating diverse perspectives–particularly those of designers, accessibility experts, and developers–is crucial in crafting an accessible, user-friendly interactive system for individuals with mild intellectual impairments. Based on feedback from all evaluators, significant enhancements were made in the app to better align with their recommendations.
Jerry, Blessing; Moreno, Lourdes; Francisco, Virginia; Hervás, Raquel
LLM-Driven Accessible Interfaces: A Model-Based Approach Proceedings Article
In: EMUXAI Workshop: Engineering Methods for HCI and UX in AI-Driven Systems (Interact 2025), IFIP-TC13, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2025.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {LLM-Driven Accessible Interfaces: A Model-Based Approach},
author = {Blessing Jerry and Lourdes Moreno and Virginia Francisco and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06616
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06616},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2601.06616},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-18},
urldate = {2025-07-18},
booktitle = {EMUXAI Workshop: Engineering Methods for HCI and UX in AI-Driven Systems (Interact 2025)},
publisher = {IFIP-TC13},
address = {Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil},
abstract = {The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into interactive systems opens new opportunities for adaptive user experiences, yet it also raises challenges regarding accessibility, explainability, and normative compliance. This paper presents an implemented model-driven architecture for generating personalised, multimodal, and accessibility-aligned user interfaces. The approach combines structured user profiles, declarative adaptation rules, and validated prompt templates to refine baseline accessible UI templates that conform to WCAG 2.2 and EN 301 549, tailored to cognitive and sensory support needs. LLMs dynamically transform language complexity, modality, and visual structure, producing outputs such as Plain-Language text, pictograms, and high-contrast layouts aligned with ISO 24495-1 and W3C COGA guidance. A healthcare use case demonstrates how the system generates accessible post-consultation medication instructions tailored to a user profile comprising cognitive disability and hearing impairment. SysML v2 models provide explicit traceability between user needs, adaptation rules, and normative requirements, ensuring explainable and auditable transformations. Grounded in Human-Centered AI (HCAI), the framework incorporates co-design processes and structured feedback mechanisms to guide iterative refinement and support trustworthy generative behaviour.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into interactive systems opens new opportunities for adaptive user experiences, yet it also raises challenges regarding accessibility, explainability, and normative compliance. This paper presents an implemented model-driven architecture for generating personalised, multimodal, and accessibility-aligned user interfaces. The approach combines structured user profiles, declarative adaptation rules, and validated prompt templates to refine baseline accessible UI templates that conform to WCAG 2.2 and EN 301 549, tailored to cognitive and sensory support needs. LLMs dynamically transform language complexity, modality, and visual structure, producing outputs such as Plain-Language text, pictograms, and high-contrast layouts aligned with ISO 24495-1 and W3C COGA guidance. A healthcare use case demonstrates how the system generates accessible post-consultation medication instructions tailored to a user profile comprising cognitive disability and hearing impairment. SysML v2 models provide explicit traceability between user needs, adaptation rules, and normative requirements, ensuring explainable and auditable transformations. Grounded in Human-Centered AI (HCAI), the framework incorporates co-design processes and structured feedback mechanisms to guide iterative refinement and support trustworthy generative behaviour.
Corsetti, Barbara; Moreno, Lourdes; Hervás, Raquel
Bridging Gaps in Design Thinking: Inclusive Guidelines for Intellectual Disabilities Journal Article
In: International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1–20, 2025.
@article{Corsetti17072025,
title = {Bridging Gaps in Design Thinking: Inclusive Guidelines for Intellectual Disabilities},
author = {Barbara Corsetti and Lourdes Moreno and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10447318.2025.2527848
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2527848},
doi = {10.1080/10447318.2025.2527848},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-17},
urldate = {2025-07-17},
journal = {International Journal of Human\textendashComputer Interaction},
pages = {1\textendash20},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
abstract = {The Design Thinking framework has often been underexplored in its application to individuals with intellectual disabilities, requiring specific adaptations to enhance inclusivity and accessibility. This article explores the adaptation of the Design Thinking framework to better meet the needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Recognising that the framework is often underexplored for this group, the study proposes inclusive guidelines developed through a literature review and an explorative study involving 15 participants. Key focus areas include tailored communication, accessible supports, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical considerations. These guidelines were validated through a case study on modifying the Empathy Map tool, which showed improved empathy, engagement, and data accuracy. The findings highlight the framework’s potential for more inclusive design practices and offer practical insights to enhance accessibility in the design process for individuals with intellectual disabilities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Design Thinking framework has often been underexplored in its application to individuals with intellectual disabilities, requiring specific adaptations to enhance inclusivity and accessibility. This article explores the adaptation of the Design Thinking framework to better meet the needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Recognising that the framework is often underexplored for this group, the study proposes inclusive guidelines developed through a literature review and an explorative study involving 15 participants. Key focus areas include tailored communication, accessible supports, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical considerations. These guidelines were validated through a case study on modifying the Empathy Map tool, which showed improved empathy, engagement, and data accuracy. The findings highlight the framework’s potential for more inclusive design practices and offer practical insights to enhance accessibility in the design process for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Tapscott, Alan; Pérez, Óliver; León, Carlos; Colás, Joaquím
A Longitudinal Look Into University Student Video Game Designs Proceedings Article
In: Conference Proceedings of DiGRA 2025: Games at the Crossroads , 2025.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {A Longitudinal Look Into University Student Video Game Designs},
author = {Alan Tapscott and \'{O}liver P\'{e}rez and Carlos Le\'{o}n and Joaqu\'{i}m Col\'{a}s},
doi = {10.26503/dl.v2025i2.2458},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-06-16},
booktitle = {Conference Proceedings of DiGRA 2025: Games at the Crossroads },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Méndez, Gonzalo; Gervás, Pablo
Heating up Interactions in an Agent-Based Simulation to Ensure Narrative Interest Proceedings Article
In: 17th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART2025), pp. 693-703, 2025, ISBN: 2184-433X.
@inproceedings{mendez2025heating,
title = {Heating up Interactions in an Agent-Based Simulation to Ensure Narrative Interest},
author = {Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s},
url = {https://www.scitepress.org/publishedPapers/2025/133088/pdf/index.html
https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ICAART2025-ucm.pdf},
doi = {10.5220/0013308800003890},
isbn = {2184-433X},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
booktitle = {17th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART2025)},
volume = {2},
pages = {693-703},
abstract = {Multi-agent systems have become important sources of inspiration for narrative generation systems, withsignificant growth in solutions based on story sifting: identifying the subset of events generated by sucha system that is worthy of being told as a story. Existing systems simulate the romantic behaviour of agentsbased on simple rules that consider models of social norms and relations, and the evolution of affinities betweenagents. The present paper describes an extension to one such simulation that inserts several sources of conflictbetween characters to induce more interesting situations that allows the creation of more engaging stories. Thesystem is empirically shown to give rise with much higher scores on metrics for narrative interest},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Multi-agent systems have become important sources of inspiration for narrative generation systems, withsignificant growth in solutions based on story sifting: identifying the subset of events generated by sucha system that is worthy of being told as a story. Existing systems simulate the romantic behaviour of agentsbased on simple rules that consider models of social norms and relations, and the evolution of affinities betweenagents. The present paper describes an extension to one such simulation that inserts several sources of conflictbetween characters to induce more interesting situations that allows the creation of more engaging stories. Thesystem is empirically shown to give rise with much higher scores on metrics for narrative interest
Gervás, Pablo; León, Carlos; Kumar, Mayuresh; Méndez, Gonzalo; Bautista, Susana
Prompting an LLM Chatbot to Role Play Conversational Situations for Language Practice Proceedings Article
In: 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU2025), pp. 257–264, INSTICC Scitepress, 2025, ISSN: 2184-5026.
@inproceedings{gervas2025prompting,
title = {Prompting an LLM Chatbot to Role Play Conversational Situations for Language Practice},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Carlos Le\'{o}n and Mayuresh Kumar and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Susana Bautista},
url = {https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CSEDU2025.pdf
https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2025/132354/132354.pdf},
doi = {10.5220/0013235400003932},
issn = {2184-5026},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
booktitle = {17th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU2025)},
volume = {2},
pages = {257\textendash264},
publisher = {Scitepress},
organization = {INSTICC},
abstract = {Chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to engage in conversations that are linguistically correct and make sense from a pragmatic point of view. A significant trait of their proven abilities is that, using verbal instructions provided as contributions to an ongoing conversation, they can be configured to provide specific content and/or modify the role that they play in the exchange. The present paper explores the feasibility of developing a framework of prompts designed with such an aim in mind. The prompting should ensure that the chatbot engages a language learner in an interaction where it proposes conversational situations of appropriate complexity, takes part in them playing the role of one of the participants, while monitoring the linguistic correctness of the contributions by the learner and providing feedback on their language performance both proactively and in response to learner requests. The paper reports on an experiment tha t tested this type of functionality students of Spanish as a second language at Aligarh Muslim University in India.},
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}
Chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to engage in conversations that are linguistically correct and make sense from a pragmatic point of view. A significant trait of their proven abilities is that, using verbal instructions provided as contributions to an ongoing conversation, they can be configured to provide specific content and/or modify the role that they play in the exchange. The present paper explores the feasibility of developing a framework of prompts designed with such an aim in mind. The prompting should ensure that the chatbot engages a language learner in an interaction where it proposes conversational situations of appropriate complexity, takes part in them playing the role of one of the participants, while monitoring the linguistic correctness of the contributions by the learner and providing feedback on their language performance both proactively and in response to learner requests. The paper reports on an experiment tha t tested this type of functionality students of Spanish as a second language at Aligarh Muslim University in India.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
SAHDA: A Semantic-Aware Hybrid Approach for Arabic Spell Checking with Domain Adaptation Proceedings Article
In: 12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT2025), pp. 343–348, IEEE IEEE, 2025, ISBN: 9798331508944.
@inproceedings{ibrahim2025sahda,
title = {SAHDA: A Semantic-Aware Hybrid Approach for Arabic Spell Checking with Domain Adaptation},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11049091/
https://nil.fdi.ucm.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAHDA-ICIT2025.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ICIT64950.2025.11049091},
isbn = {9798331508944},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
booktitle = {12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT2025)},
pages = {343\textendash348},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Arabic spell checking faces inherent linguistic challenges due to its complex word structures and ambiguous spellings, where roots generate diverse forms and identical spellings mask multiple meanings.
Current systems often prioritize technical accuracy over contextual understanding, struggling to preserve regional dialects or resolve semantic ambiguities. This paper introduces SAHDA, a hybrid framework that bridges computational methods with human linguistic expertise. By combining rule-based error detection, neural semantic analysis, and collaborative humanAI refinement, SAHDA addresses both structural errors and meaning-based ambiguities in written Arabic. Key innovations include context-aware dialect preservation to maintain regional linguistic diversity and adaptive learning techniques that enable efficient customization for specialized domains. Evaluations demonstrate SAHDA’s ability to resolve ambiguous terms and dialectal variations more effectively than existing approaches while minimizing overcorrection of valid regional expressions. As an open-source tool, the framework advances inclusive language technology by harmonizing standardization with dialectal richness\textemdash a critical advancement for supporting Arabic’s diverse written traditions in the digital age.},
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Arabic spell checking faces inherent linguistic challenges due to its complex word structures and ambiguous spellings, where roots generate diverse forms and identical spellings mask multiple meanings.
Current systems often prioritize technical accuracy over contextual understanding, struggling to preserve regional dialects or resolve semantic ambiguities. This paper introduces SAHDA, a hybrid framework that bridges computational methods with human linguistic expertise. By combining rule-based error detection, neural semantic analysis, and collaborative humanAI refinement, SAHDA addresses both structural errors and meaning-based ambiguities in written Arabic. Key innovations include context-aware dialect preservation to maintain regional linguistic diversity and adaptive learning techniques that enable efficient customization for specialized domains. Evaluations demonstrate SAHDA’s ability to resolve ambiguous terms and dialectal variations more effectively than existing approaches while minimizing overcorrection of valid regional expressions. As an open-source tool, the framework advances inclusive language technology by harmonizing standardization with dialectal richness— a critical advancement for supporting Arabic’s diverse written traditions in the digital age.
Current systems often prioritize technical accuracy over contextual understanding, struggling to preserve regional dialects or resolve semantic ambiguities. This paper introduces SAHDA, a hybrid framework that bridges computational methods with human linguistic expertise. By combining rule-based error detection, neural semantic analysis, and collaborative humanAI refinement, SAHDA addresses both structural errors and meaning-based ambiguities in written Arabic. Key innovations include context-aware dialect preservation to maintain regional linguistic diversity and adaptive learning techniques that enable efficient customization for specialized domains. Evaluations demonstrate SAHDA’s ability to resolve ambiguous terms and dialectal variations more effectively than existing approaches while minimizing overcorrection of valid regional expressions. As an open-source tool, the framework advances inclusive language technology by harmonizing standardization with dialectal richness— a critical advancement for supporting Arabic’s diverse written traditions in the digital age.
Gervás, Pablo; López-Calle, José Luis
Accounting for the Importance of Changes in Event Actuality in the Representation of Narrative Proceedings Article
In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 117–125, 2025.
@inproceedings{gervas2025accounting,
title = {Accounting for the Importance of Changes in Event Actuality in the Representation of Narrative},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Jos\'{e} Luis L\'{o}pez-Calle},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3964/paper10.pdf},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
volume = {3964},
pages = {117\textendash125},
abstract = {The mainstay of any story is the sequence of events that has happened to the characters involved in it. However, stories often mention events that have not happened \textendash wishes, dreams, duties, beliefs, plans \textendash that are sometimes extremely important for the plot as readers understand it. These events subsequently either become true, or the hope of their ever becoming true is dashed by circumstances. The initial mentions of such non-actual events very often act as drivers of the plot, or establish some of the con!icts that are essential to the story. When it happens, the change in truth status of those statements tends to operate as partial closure for the plot. In those cases, understanding the plot of the story involves being able to represent not only the events themselves but how the initial views on these events evolve throughout the story towards a resolution of the con!ict. The present paper proposes a representation of narrative that includes means for identifying non-actual events of this kind, and for keeping track of when their non-actual status changes and what it evolves to. This representation is shown to capture important aspects of narratives with complex structure in terms of shifting views on the truth value of statements fundamental to the plot, such as whether the hero is alive or whether the heroine is married to the villain or not. },
keywords = {},
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The mainstay of any story is the sequence of events that has happened to the characters involved in it. However, stories often mention events that have not happened – wishes, dreams, duties, beliefs, plans – that are sometimes extremely important for the plot as readers understand it. These events subsequently either become true, or the hope of their ever becoming true is dashed by circumstances. The initial mentions of such non-actual events very often act as drivers of the plot, or establish some of the con!icts that are essential to the story. When it happens, the change in truth status of those statements tends to operate as partial closure for the plot. In those cases, understanding the plot of the story involves being able to represent not only the events themselves but how the initial views on these events evolve throughout the story towards a resolution of the con!ict. The present paper proposes a representation of narrative that includes means for identifying non-actual events of this kind, and for keeping track of when their non-actual status changes and what it evolves to. This representation is shown to capture important aspects of narratives with complex structure in terms of shifting views on the truth value of statements fundamental to the plot, such as whether the hero is alive or whether the heroine is married to the villain or not.
Gervás, Pablo
Interpreting Narrations of Events Witnessed: Relying on Location Data to Help Place Embedded Stories Proceedings Article
In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 127–135, 2025.
@inproceedings{gervas2025interpreting,
title = {Interpreting Narrations of Events Witnessed: Relying on Location Data to Help Place Embedded Stories},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3964/paper11.pdf},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
volume = {3964},
pages = {127\textendash135},
abstract = {When interpreting a narrative in which someone tells a story, !rst-person accounts of events that happened to the narrator earlier are relatively easy to process. But cases in which the narrator is telling something that she witnessed \textendash but was not personally involved in \textendash require more elaborate pragmatic inferences based on the assumption that the narrator was present as a witness of the events being told. Appropriate handling of these cases requires means of correct interpretation of where events experienced and events witnessed \textendash by the narrator \textendash are happening in terms of locations in the storyworld. The present paper considers a simple model of how information on changes in location across events may be inferred from narrative discourse, and how this information can be exploited to ensure appropriate temporal placement \textendash with respect to the events of the main or frame story \textendash of the events for the embedded stories that were witnessed by a narrator at some earlier point in the discourse.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
When interpreting a narrative in which someone tells a story, !rst-person accounts of events that happened to the narrator earlier are relatively easy to process. But cases in which the narrator is telling something that she witnessed – but was not personally involved in – require more elaborate pragmatic inferences based on the assumption that the narrator was present as a witness of the events being told. Appropriate handling of these cases requires means of correct interpretation of where events experienced and events witnessed – by the narrator – are happening in terms of locations in the storyworld. The present paper considers a simple model of how information on changes in location across events may be inferred from narrative discourse, and how this information can be exploited to ensure appropriate temporal placement – with respect to the events of the main or frame story – of the events for the embedded stories that were witnessed by a narrator at some earlier point in the discourse.
2024
Tapscott, Alan; Pérez, Óliver; León, Carlos; Colás, Joaquím
La paradoja de enseñar a diseñar videojuegos Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of DIGRAES 2024, 2024.
@inproceedings{Tapscott2024,
title = {La paradoja de ense\~{n}ar a dise\~{n}ar videojuegos},
author = {Alan Tapscott and \'{O}liver P\'{e}rez and Carlos Le\'{o}n and Joaqu\'{i}m Col\'{a}s},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-01},
urldate = {2024-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of DIGRAES 2024},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Tagging Narrative with Propp’s Character Functions Using Large Language Models Proceedings Article
In: Seventh Workshop on Narrative Extraction From Texts (Text2Story’24), pp. 137–148, 2024.
@inproceedings{gervas2024tagging,
title = {Tagging Narrative with Propp’s Character Functions Using Large Language Models},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3671/paper12.pdf},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Seventh Workshop on Narrative Extraction From Texts (Text2Story’24)},
volume = {3671},
pages = {137\textendash148},
abstract = {The character functions proposed by Vladimir Propp as abstraction of plot structure to understand Russian folk tales have been popular as means of analysing narrative. Several eorts have been carried out to annotate narratives in this way manually or to apply machine learning techniques over texts previously annotated with syntactic and semantic information. The present paper explores the feasibility of annotating directly from the bare text of synopses of the stories by relying on large language models},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The character functions proposed by Vladimir Propp as abstraction of plot structure to understand Russian folk tales have been popular as means of analysing narrative. Several eorts have been carried out to annotate narratives in this way manually or to apply machine learning techniques over texts previously annotated with syntactic and semantic information. The present paper explores the feasibility of annotating directly from the bare text of synopses of the stories by relying on large language models
Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Pruning Worlds into Stories: Affective Interactions as Fitness Function Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design (Part of EvoStar), pp. 179–193, Springer 2024.
@inproceedings{gervas2024pruning,
title = {Pruning Worlds into Stories: Affective Interactions as Fitness Function},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56992-0_12},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design (Part of EvoStar)},
pages = {179\textendash193},
organization = {Springer},
abstract = {An important challenge when trying to find a story to tell about some set of events that has already happened is to identify the elements in that set of events that will make a story that moves the intended audience. One possible criterion is to consider events that involve significant changes in the emotional relations between the characters involved. The present paper explores a computational model of this particular approach to the task of storytelling. An evolutionary solution is used to explore the logs of an agent-based social simulation, using metrics on the evolution of affinity between characters as fitness function, to identify sequences of events that might be good candidates for moving stories.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
An important challenge when trying to find a story to tell about some set of events that has already happened is to identify the elements in that set of events that will make a story that moves the intended audience. One possible criterion is to consider events that involve significant changes in the emotional relations between the characters involved. The present paper explores a computational model of this particular approach to the task of storytelling. An evolutionary solution is used to explore the logs of an agent-based social simulation, using metrics on the evolution of affinity between characters as fitness function, to identify sequences of events that might be good candidates for moving stories.
Ibrahim, Mossab; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Bridging the Past and Future: Extracting Narrative Structures from the 1001 Arabian Nights to Inspire the Generation of New Arabic Tales Journal Article
In: American Journal of Information Science and Computer Engineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 360–370, 2024.
@article{ibrahim2024bridging,
title = {Bridging the Past and Future: Extracting Narrative Structures from the 1001 Arabian Nights to Inspire the Generation of New Arabic Tales},
author = {Mossab Ibrahim and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Computer Engineering},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {360\textendash370},
keywords = {},
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Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Evolutionary Plot Arcs for a Series of Neurally-Generated Episodes Proceedings Article
In: 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2024), 2024.
@inproceedings{gervas2024evolutionary,
title = {Evolutionary Plot Arcs for a Series of Neurally-Generated Episodes},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://computationalcreativity.net/iccc24/papers/ICCC24_paper_68.pdf},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2024)},
abstract = {Neural generators produce fluent text for short stories but face difficulties for longer narrative structures. Knowledge-based generators produce coherent narrative structures but have problems generating fluid text. Series built of episodes involve an overarching plot arc for the series and specific plots for each episode. The present paper explores a combination of evolutionary generation of season plot arcs\textendashbased on knowledge resources for plot structures\textendashwith neural generation of episode descriptions\textendashprompted with fragments of season plot arc},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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Neural generators produce fluent text for short stories but face difficulties for longer narrative structures. Knowledge-based generators produce coherent narrative structures but have problems generating fluid text. Series built of episodes involve an overarching plot arc for the series and specific plots for each episode. The present paper explores a combination of evolutionary generation of season plot arcs–based on knowledge resources for plot structures–with neural generation of episode descriptions–prompted with fragments of season plot arc
Góngora, Santiago; Chiruzzo, Luis; Méndez, Gonzalo; Gervás, Pablo
PAYADOR: A Minimalist Approach to Grounding Language Models on Structured Data for Interactive Storytelling and Role-playing Games Proceedings Article
In: 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2024), 2024.
@inproceedings{gongora2024payador,
title = {PAYADOR: A Minimalist Approach to Grounding Language Models on Structured Data for Interactive Storytelling and Role-playing Games},
author = {Santiago G\'{o}ngora and Luis Chiruzzo and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s},
url = {https://computationalcreativity.net/iccc24/papers/ICCC24_paper_152.pdf},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2024)},
abstract = {Every time an Interactive Storytelling (IS) system gets a player input, it is facing the world-update problem. Classical approaches to this problem consist in mapping that input to known preprogrammed actions, what can severely constrain the free will of the player. When the expected experience has a strong focus on improvisation, like in Role-playing Games (RPGs), this problem is critical. In this paper we present PAYADOR, a different approach that focuses on predicting the outcomes of the actions instead of representing the actions themselves. To implement this approach, we ground a Large Language Model to a minimal representation of the fictional world, obtaining promising results. We make this contribution open-source, so it can be adapted and used for other related research on unleashing the cocreativity power of RPGs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Every time an Interactive Storytelling (IS) system gets a player input, it is facing the world-update problem. Classical approaches to this problem consist in mapping that input to known preprogrammed actions, what can severely constrain the free will of the player. When the expected experience has a strong focus on improvisation, like in Role-playing Games (RPGs), this problem is critical. In this paper we present PAYADOR, a different approach that focuses on predicting the outcomes of the actions instead of representing the actions themselves. To implement this approach, we ground a Large Language Model to a minimal representation of the fictional world, obtaining promising results. We make this contribution open-source, so it can be adapted and used for other related research on unleashing the cocreativity power of RPGs.
Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Distributing Creative Responsibility Between a Knowledge-Based Content Determiner and a Neural Text Realizer Proceedings Article
In: 23rd EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Thematic Track on AI and Creativity, 2024.
@inproceedings{gervas2024distributing,
title = {Distributing Creative Responsibility Between a Knowledge-Based Content Determiner and a Neural Text Realizer},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-73497-7_4
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73497-7_4},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-73497-7_4},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {23rd EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Thematic Track on AI and Creativity},
abstract = {Knowledge-based solutions for text generation are known to produce outputs that usually sound repetitive and stilted to the human ear. Attention-based neural solutions for generating text have proven to be successful at generating unconstrained prose that is fluent and sounds natural, but they have difficulty in producing texts that comply with a set of restrictions provided as input. The present paper explores combinations of a knowledge-based content generator and a neural text realizer, focusing on how creative responsibility over the final output is distributed over the knowledge-based and the neural modules of the system. A conceptual draft for a story is produced by a knowledge-based solution. The stories are then told using neural generators, with different types of prompt being built as means of requesting specific ways of telling the selected events. The outcomes are evaluated in terms of the percentage of the ideas in the final text that have been contributed by each module.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Knowledge-based solutions for text generation are known to produce outputs that usually sound repetitive and stilted to the human ear. Attention-based neural solutions for generating text have proven to be successful at generating unconstrained prose that is fluent and sounds natural, but they have difficulty in producing texts that comply with a set of restrictions provided as input. The present paper explores combinations of a knowledge-based content generator and a neural text realizer, focusing on how creative responsibility over the final output is distributed over the knowledge-based and the neural modules of the system. A conceptual draft for a story is produced by a knowledge-based solution. The stories are then told using neural generators, with different types of prompt being built as means of requesting specific ways of telling the selected events. The outcomes are evaluated in terms of the percentage of the ideas in the final text that have been contributed by each module.
Hervás, Raquel; Francisco, Virginia; Concepción, Eugenio; Sevilla, Antonio F. G.; Méndez, Gonzalo
Creating an API Ecosystem for Assistive Technologies Oriented to Cognitive Disabilities Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 163224-163240, 2024, ISSN: 2169-3536.
@article{hervas2024creating,
title = {Creating an API Ecosystem for Assistive Technologies Oriented to Cognitive Disabilities},
author = {Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Virginia Francisco and Eugenio Concepci\'{o}n and Antonio F. G. Sevilla and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10737890},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3487308},
issn = {2169-3536},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Access},
volume = {12},
pages = {163224-163240},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {This paper presents the development and implementation of an API (Application Programming Interface) ecosystem designed to support the creation of assistive technologies for individuals with cognitive disabilities. Leveraging the principles of microservices and an API-centered approach, this ecosystem enhances collaboration among developers, reduces the cost of creating accessible tools, and provides highly adaptable and customizable applications. The study details architectural decisions, including the use of GraphQL for flexibility, and demonstrates the benefits of a service-based architecture for digital inclusion. Case studies illustrate the practical applications, showing how this approach facilitates the development and promotes more accessible digital solutions. The findings suggest that this ecosystem can significantly reduce the time and resources needed to develop assistive technologies, potentially accelerating their adoption in domains such as education, healthcare, and daily living aids. The modular and flexible nature of the API ecosystem supports the rapid development of personalized assistive tools, fosters collaborative development, and ensures cross-platform compatibility. These features contribute to creating robust solutions that address diverse user needs across various devices. The ongoing evolution of the API ecosystem, including the integration of advanced management frameworks, promises further innovation and collaboration in assistive technologies. Future work will focus on implementing a comprehensive API management infrastructure to enhance scalability, security, and monitoring capabilities, including the integration and validation of the ecosystem with third-party applications, and so demonstrating its versatility and scalability in real-world scenarios.},
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This paper presents the development and implementation of an API (Application Programming Interface) ecosystem designed to support the creation of assistive technologies for individuals with cognitive disabilities. Leveraging the principles of microservices and an API-centered approach, this ecosystem enhances collaboration among developers, reduces the cost of creating accessible tools, and provides highly adaptable and customizable applications. The study details architectural decisions, including the use of GraphQL for flexibility, and demonstrates the benefits of a service-based architecture for digital inclusion. Case studies illustrate the practical applications, showing how this approach facilitates the development and promotes more accessible digital solutions. The findings suggest that this ecosystem can significantly reduce the time and resources needed to develop assistive technologies, potentially accelerating their adoption in domains such as education, healthcare, and daily living aids. The modular and flexible nature of the API ecosystem supports the rapid development of personalized assistive tools, fosters collaborative development, and ensures cross-platform compatibility. These features contribute to creating robust solutions that address diverse user needs across various devices. The ongoing evolution of the API ecosystem, including the integration of advanced management frameworks, promises further innovation and collaboration in assistive technologies. Future work will focus on implementing a comprehensive API management infrastructure to enhance scalability, security, and monitoring capabilities, including the integration and validation of the ecosystem with third-party applications, and so demonstrating its versatility and scalability in real-world scenarios.
Gervás, Pablo; León, Carlos; Kumar, Mayuresh; Méndez, Gonzalo; Bautista, Susana
Configuring an LLM Chatbot as Practice Partner for Language Learning Proceedings Article
In: Advances in Artificial Intelligence–IBERAMIA 2024: 18th Ibero-American Conference on AI, Montevideo, Uruguay, November 13–15, 2024, Proceedings, pp. 458, Springer Nature 2024, ISBN: 978-3-031-80365-9.
@inproceedings{gervas2024configuring,
title = {Configuring an LLM Chatbot as Practice Partner for Language Learning},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Carlos Le\'{o}n and Mayuresh Kumar and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Susana Bautista},
url = {https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-80366-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80366-6},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-80366-6},
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year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence\textendashIBERAMIA 2024: 18th Ibero-American Conference on AI, Montevideo, Uruguay, November 13\textendash15, 2024, Proceedings},
volume = {15277},
pages = {458},
organization = {Springer Nature},
abstract = {Given appropriate prompts, chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) can adapt both the content and the role in which they participate in the conversation. The present paper reports an experiment to configure one such chatbot to engage in conversation with a language learner so that it can propose engaging situations of the appropriate level of complexity, enact specific roles in the conversation and monitor learner responses. The proposed functionality is tested for a classroom of Hindi-speaking students of Spanish language at Aligarh Muslim University in India},
keywords = {},
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Given appropriate prompts, chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) can adapt both the content and the role in which they participate in the conversation. The present paper reports an experiment to configure one such chatbot to engage in conversation with a language learner so that it can propose engaging situations of the appropriate level of complexity, enact specific roles in the conversation and monitor learner responses. The proposed functionality is tested for a classroom of Hindi-speaking students of Spanish language at Aligarh Muslim University in India
De-Rosende, Iván; Francisco, Virginia; Bautista, Susana; Ávila, Adriana
Co-creation and evaluation of an app to support reminiscence therapy interventions for older people with dementia Journal Article
In: Digital health, vol. 10, pp. 20552076241261849, 2024, ISSN: 2055-2076.
@article{de2024co,
title = {Co-creation and evaluation of an app to support reminiscence therapy interventions for older people with dementia},
author = {Iv\'{a}n De-Rosende and Virginia Francisco and Susana Bautista and Adriana \'{A}vila},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20552076241261849},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241261849},
issn = {2055-2076},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {10},
pages = {20552076241261849},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {Objective: The objectives encompassed (1) the creation of Recuerdame, a digital app specifically designed for occupational therapists, aiming to support these professionals in the processes of planning, organizing, developing, and documenting reminiscence therapies for older people with dementia, and (2) the evaluation of the designed prototype through a participatory and user-centered design approach, exploring the perceptions of end-users.
Methods: This exploratory research used a mixed-methods design. The app was developed in two phases. In the first phase, the research team identified the requirements and designed a prototype. In the second phase, experienced occupational therapists evaluated the prototype.
Results: The research team determined the app\'s required functionalities, grouped into eight major themes: register related persons and caregivers; record the patient\'s life story memories; prepare a reminiscence therapy session; conduct a session; end a session; assess the patient; automatically generate a life story; other requirements. The first phase ended with the development of a prototype. In the second phase, eight occupational therapists performed a series of tasks using all the application\'s functionalities. Most of these tasks were very easy (Single Ease Question). The level of usability was considered excellent (System Usability Scale). Participants believed that the app would save practitioners time, enrich therapy sessions and improve their effectiveness. The qualitative results were summarized in two broad themes: (a) acceptability of the app; and (b) areas for improvement.
Conclusions: Participating occupational therapists generally agreed that the co-designed app appears to be a versatile tool that empowers these professionals to manage reminiscence interventions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Objective: The objectives encompassed (1) the creation of Recuerdame, a digital app specifically designed for occupational therapists, aiming to support these professionals in the processes of planning, organizing, developing, and documenting reminiscence therapies for older people with dementia, and (2) the evaluation of the designed prototype through a participatory and user-centered design approach, exploring the perceptions of end-users.
Methods: This exploratory research used a mixed-methods design. The app was developed in two phases. In the first phase, the research team identified the requirements and designed a prototype. In the second phase, experienced occupational therapists evaluated the prototype.
Results: The research team determined the app's required functionalities, grouped into eight major themes: register related persons and caregivers; record the patient's life story memories; prepare a reminiscence therapy session; conduct a session; end a session; assess the patient; automatically generate a life story; other requirements. The first phase ended with the development of a prototype. In the second phase, eight occupational therapists performed a series of tasks using all the application's functionalities. Most of these tasks were very easy (Single Ease Question). The level of usability was considered excellent (System Usability Scale). Participants believed that the app would save practitioners time, enrich therapy sessions and improve their effectiveness. The qualitative results were summarized in two broad themes: (a) acceptability of the app; and (b) areas for improvement.
Conclusions: Participating occupational therapists generally agreed that the co-designed app appears to be a versatile tool that empowers these professionals to manage reminiscence interventions.
Methods: This exploratory research used a mixed-methods design. The app was developed in two phases. In the first phase, the research team identified the requirements and designed a prototype. In the second phase, experienced occupational therapists evaluated the prototype.
Results: The research team determined the app's required functionalities, grouped into eight major themes: register related persons and caregivers; record the patient's life story memories; prepare a reminiscence therapy session; conduct a session; end a session; assess the patient; automatically generate a life story; other requirements. The first phase ended with the development of a prototype. In the second phase, eight occupational therapists performed a series of tasks using all the application's functionalities. Most of these tasks were very easy (Single Ease Question). The level of usability was considered excellent (System Usability Scale). Participants believed that the app would save practitioners time, enrich therapy sessions and improve their effectiveness. The qualitative results were summarized in two broad themes: (a) acceptability of the app; and (b) areas for improvement.
Conclusions: Participating occupational therapists generally agreed that the co-designed app appears to be a versatile tool that empowers these professionals to manage reminiscence interventions.
Hervás, Raquel; Francisco, Virginia
Proyecto IDiLyCo. Tecnologías Lingüísticas para la Inclusión Digital con un Enfoque Centrado en el Usuario Journal Article
In: Revista de la Asociación Interacción Persona Ordenador (AIPO), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 31–43, 2024, ISSN: 2695-6578.
@article{hervas2024proyecto,
title = {Proyecto IDiLyCo. Tecnolog\'{i}as Ling\"{u}\'{i}sticas para la Inclusi\'{o}n Digital con un Enfoque Centrado en el Usuario},
author = {Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Virginia Francisco},
url = {https://revista.aipo.es/index.php/INTERACCION/article/view/112},
issn = {2695-6578},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Revista de la Asociaci\'{o}n Interacci\'{o}n Persona Ordenador (AIPO)},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {31\textendash43},
abstract = {The IDiLyCo project aims to facilitate communication and access to digital information for people with disabilities who face language difficulties. Based on previous experiences in natural language generation and processing, the project develops technological solutions to promote digital inclusion in a simple and configurable way following a user-centered design methodology. Areas explored include text simplification, which allows complex texts to be rewritten in simpler ways; summary generation, which condenses the essential components of a text; augmentative and alternative communication, which facilitates communication for users who cannot use natural language; and emotion analysis, which identifies and clarifies emotions in a text. IDiLyCo focuses on bringing these innovations closer to final users through an ecosystem of services that facilitate digital inclusion and configurable applications according to the needs of each user. This allows people with disabilities to access tools adapted to their needs and developers to integrate these services into their implementations. All applications and services of the project are free and open to use.},
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The IDiLyCo project aims to facilitate communication and access to digital information for people with disabilities who face language difficulties. Based on previous experiences in natural language generation and processing, the project develops technological solutions to promote digital inclusion in a simple and configurable way following a user-centered design methodology. Areas explored include text simplification, which allows complex texts to be rewritten in simpler ways; summary generation, which condenses the essential components of a text; augmentative and alternative communication, which facilitates communication for users who cannot use natural language; and emotion analysis, which identifies and clarifies emotions in a text. IDiLyCo focuses on bringing these innovations closer to final users through an ecosystem of services that facilitate digital inclusion and configurable applications according to the needs of each user. This allows people with disabilities to access tools adapted to their needs and developers to integrate these services into their implementations. All applications and services of the project are free and open to use.
León, Carlos; Villar, Alejandro; Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo
Realidad virtual para entrenamiento en emergencias radiológicas Journal Article
In: Alfa, vol. 57, pp. 52–53, 2024.
@article{leon2024realidad,
title = {Realidad virtual para entrenamiento en emergencias radiol\'{o}gicas},
author = {Carlos Le\'{o}n and Alejandro Villar and Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Alfa},
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Gervás, Pablo; López-Calle, Jose Luis
Representing Complex Relative Chronology Across Narrative Levels in Movie Plots. Proceedings Article
In: Text2Story@ ECIR, pp. 65–76, 2024.
@inproceedings{gervas2024representing,
title = {Representing Complex Relative Chronology Across Narrative Levels in Movie Plots.},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Jose Luis L\'{o}pez-Calle},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3671/paper6.pdf},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Text2Story@ ECIR},
pages = {65\textendash76},
abstract = {Movie narratives over the last few decades have increasingly featured very complex chronologies. These include a number of phenomena ranging from relatively simple use of ashbacks to complete alteration of the chronological order of events (Pulp Fiction) that sometimes force radical revision of the interpretation of the narrative (Memento). Computational treatment of this type of tropes requires a detailed understanding that will require temporal representation of the chronology of the narratives for these movies. The present paper explores the set of challenges that arise when the discourse for a given narrative departs from traditional ordered chronology, and proposes a model for representing the complexities involved. Narratives often convey at dierent points of its span a story -or more - inside the story that is unfolding. That embedded story might account for events already happened in the story being told, or be a dierent story, whether ctional or not, and belong to the world in which the story takes place, or to another world or time. In the same fashion that the embedded story could account for a past or present event, they can narrate a future event, that may or not actually happen. But that is precisely what occurs when we describe a plan, a wish, a promise, something likely to happen, or things that are or were conditioned to past, present or future events. . . All in all, the events mentioned in them are also told, and despite some may be expressed as a chance past and lost, it might still become true; others have as yet not happened, and may still come to be true, or not take place at all. The present paper proposes a representation of events in a story that captures the relevant features of these aspects. },
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Movie narratives over the last few decades have increasingly featured very complex chronologies. These include a number of phenomena ranging from relatively simple use of ashbacks to complete alteration of the chronological order of events (Pulp Fiction) that sometimes force radical revision of the interpretation of the narrative (Memento). Computational treatment of this type of tropes requires a detailed understanding that will require temporal representation of the chronology of the narratives for these movies. The present paper explores the set of challenges that arise when the discourse for a given narrative departs from traditional ordered chronology, and proposes a model for representing the complexities involved. Narratives often convey at dierent points of its span a story -or more - inside the story that is unfolding. That embedded story might account for events already happened in the story being told, or be a dierent story, whether ctional or not, and belong to the world in which the story takes place, or to another world or time. In the same fashion that the embedded story could account for a past or present event, they can narrate a future event, that may or not actually happen. But that is precisely what occurs when we describe a plan, a wish, a promise, something likely to happen, or things that are or were conditioned to past, present or future events. . . All in all, the events mentioned in them are also told, and despite some may be expressed as a chance past and lost, it might still become true; others have as yet not happened, and may still come to be true, or not take place at all. The present paper proposes a representation of events in a story that captures the relevant features of these aspects.
Gervás, Pablo
Challenges and opportunities for computational construction of narratives Journal Article
In: Digital Society Volume 64, pp. 111, 2024.
@article{gervas2024challenges,
title = {Challenges and opportunities for computational construction of narratives},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s},
url = {https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783839469224-007/pdf?licenseType=open-access},
doi = {10.1515/9783839469224-007},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Digital Society Volume 64},
pages = {111},
abstract = {As Artificial Intelligence enters a new era where large language models show surprising capabilities for handling language, it becomes important to review the challenges and insights accumulated by the community of esearches that have worked on building computational modelling of literary creativity over the years.The efforts of this community have at times achieved success at small tasks and at other times faced failure when over-ambitious goals were pursued. It would be important for efforts on related tasks undertaken from this point on to keep in mind the insights accumulated on the nature of the task and the challenges it presents. The present paper attempts to summarize some of these insights into a set of challenges that face the automated generation of narratives, but also as a set of opportunities open for the future.
The paper is structured as a review of a number of possible ways to formulate the problem of having a program generate automatically a story on demand, followed by some reflections on how storytelling might be subdivided into a set of related subtasks as suggested by that set of formulations of the problem.},
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As Artificial Intelligence enters a new era where large language models show surprising capabilities for handling language, it becomes important to review the challenges and insights accumulated by the community of esearches that have worked on building computational modelling of literary creativity over the years.The efforts of this community have at times achieved success at small tasks and at other times faced failure when over-ambitious goals were pursued. It would be important for efforts on related tasks undertaken from this point on to keep in mind the insights accumulated on the nature of the task and the challenges it presents. The present paper attempts to summarize some of these insights into a set of challenges that face the automated generation of narratives, but also as a set of opportunities open for the future.
The paper is structured as a review of a number of possible ways to formulate the problem of having a program generate automatically a story on demand, followed by some reflections on how storytelling might be subdivided into a set of related subtasks as suggested by that set of formulations of the problem.
The paper is structured as a review of a number of possible ways to formulate the problem of having a program generate automatically a story on demand, followed by some reflections on how storytelling might be subdivided into a set of related subtasks as suggested by that set of formulations of the problem.
Gervás, Pablo
Storytelling systems: Progress towards generation informed by models of the reader Journal Article
In: Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 269–290, 2024.
@article{gervas2024storytelling,
title = {Storytelling systems: Progress towards generation informed by models of the reader},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03080188241262862},
doi = {10.1177/03080188241262862},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Interdisciplinary Science Reviews},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {269\textendash290},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {The present paper attempts to identify specific points of contact between efforts to generate narrative in the field of artificial intelligence and the field of narratology. Such points of contact centre around the tasks of modelling processes related to the construction of narrative in computational terms. A number of existing research efforts to develop systems related to storytelling are reviewed. An analysis of the functionalities that they cover suggests that storytelling might be profitably studied in terms of at least four different sub-tasks: Fabula generation, narrative discourse composition, text generation, and narrative interpretation. An analysis from a computational point of view of the context in which narrative is used as a means of communication between author and reader is presented. This shows that parts of the cognitive processes involved are yet to be modelled, which suggests that the set of sub-tasks identified may continue to grow with further research.},
keywords = {},
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The present paper attempts to identify specific points of contact between efforts to generate narrative in the field of artificial intelligence and the field of narratology. Such points of contact centre around the tasks of modelling processes related to the construction of narrative in computational terms. A number of existing research efforts to develop systems related to storytelling are reviewed. An analysis of the functionalities that they cover suggests that storytelling might be profitably studied in terms of at least four different sub-tasks: Fabula generation, narrative discourse composition, text generation, and narrative interpretation. An analysis from a computational point of view of the context in which narrative is used as a means of communication between author and reader is presented. This shows that parts of the cognitive processes involved are yet to be modelled, which suggests that the set of sub-tasks identified may continue to grow with further research.
Hervás, Raquel; Díaz, Alberto; Amor, Matías; Chaves, Alberto; Ruiz, Víctor
Self-guided Spatial Composition as an Additional Layer of Information to Enhance Accessibility of Images for Blind Users Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, pp. 1–8, 2024.
@inproceedings{hervas2024self,
title = {Self-guided Spatial Composition as an Additional Layer of Information to Enhance Accessibility of Images for Blind Users},
author = {Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Alberto D\'{i}az and Mat\'{i}as Amor and Alberto Chaves and V\'{i}ctor Ruiz},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3657242.3658590},
doi = {10.1145/3657242.3658590},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction},
pages = {1\textendash8},
abstract = {Image spatial composition can provide additional information in an image or photograph. However, the usual approaches to make images accessible to blind people focus mainly on describing the image’s content, without delving into other aspects such as spatial composition, colors, background, known faces, etc. In doing so, much information that is present in the image but not included in the description is missing for a blind user. This work explores the combination of image captioning and object detection techniques with the final goal of making images more accessible to blind users. The approach is twofold: (1) state-of-the-art algorithms of image captioning and object detection will be combined so blind users can visualize the spatial composition of a given image; and (2) blind users will guide the exploration of the images, so they can gather all the information in a personalized manner and make their own interpretation. We implemented a preliminary prototype based on requirements obtained from blind users and performed an evaluation that provided promising results. The participants were reasonably satisfied with the usability of the prototype, and in several cases, they were able to obtain more information during their self-guided exploration of the images than with the general original description. However, some issues that were detected in the evaluation, and functionalities that could not be implemented, will be addressed in future work.},
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Image spatial composition can provide additional information in an image or photograph. However, the usual approaches to make images accessible to blind people focus mainly on describing the image’s content, without delving into other aspects such as spatial composition, colors, background, known faces, etc. In doing so, much information that is present in the image but not included in the description is missing for a blind user. This work explores the combination of image captioning and object detection techniques with the final goal of making images more accessible to blind users. The approach is twofold: (1) state-of-the-art algorithms of image captioning and object detection will be combined so blind users can visualize the spatial composition of a given image; and (2) blind users will guide the exploration of the images, so they can gather all the information in a personalized manner and make their own interpretation. We implemented a preliminary prototype based on requirements obtained from blind users and performed an evaluation that provided promising results. The participants were reasonably satisfied with the usability of the prototype, and in several cases, they were able to obtain more information during their self-guided exploration of the images than with the general original description. However, some issues that were detected in the evaluation, and functionalities that could not be implemented, will be addressed in future work.
Corsetti, Barbara; Moreno, Lourdes; Hervás, Raquel
Shaping Interactive Systems: Defining Features to Meet the Needs of Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, pp. 1–8, 2024.
@inproceedings{corsetti2024shaping,
title = {Shaping Interactive Systems: Defining Features to Meet the Needs of Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities},
author = {Barbara Corsetti and Lourdes Moreno and Raquel Herv\'{a}s},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3657242.3658593},
doi = {10.1145/3657242.3658593},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction},
pages = {1\textendash8},
abstract = {Given the significant potential of interactive systems to enhance daily accessibility through user-friendly interfaces, there is a growing interest in addressing these technologies to individuals with intellectual disabilities. Hence, many researchers and designers are currently focused on carrying out User Experience (UX) design processes to develop supportive interactive systems. This paper explores the development of interactive systems tailored to the unique needs of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. This paper outlines a case study focused on the early stages of a design project within the Double Diamond design model. Thus, it details a structured methodology for the Define phase, emphasizing the collaborative synthesis of diverse stakeholder perspectives (e.g., individuals with intellectual disabilities, caregivers, developers, and researchers) to identify impactful system features. The emphasis is mainly on the Definition stage of the model, where various tools, techniques, and research activities for interactive design are applied to define the system’s characteristics. Following the Discover stage detailed in previous research, this paper focuses on the subsequent Definition stage, highlighting the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives, including those of caregivers and developers. The findings underline that engaging multiple stakeholders significantly enhances the design process, leading to the selection of impactful and viable features for a supportive system addressed to individuals with mild intellectual impairments.},
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Given the significant potential of interactive systems to enhance daily accessibility through user-friendly interfaces, there is a growing interest in addressing these technologies to individuals with intellectual disabilities. Hence, many researchers and designers are currently focused on carrying out User Experience (UX) design processes to develop supportive interactive systems. This paper explores the development of interactive systems tailored to the unique needs of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. This paper outlines a case study focused on the early stages of a design project within the Double Diamond design model. Thus, it details a structured methodology for the Define phase, emphasizing the collaborative synthesis of diverse stakeholder perspectives (e.g., individuals with intellectual disabilities, caregivers, developers, and researchers) to identify impactful system features. The emphasis is mainly on the Definition stage of the model, where various tools, techniques, and research activities for interactive design are applied to define the system’s characteristics. Following the Discover stage detailed in previous research, this paper focuses on the subsequent Definition stage, highlighting the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives, including those of caregivers and developers. The findings underline that engaging multiple stakeholders significantly enhances the design process, leading to the selection of impactful and viable features for a supportive system addressed to individuals with mild intellectual impairments.
León, Carlos; Alcaide, Beatriz; Bautista, Susana; Francisco, Virginia; Hervás, Raquel; Méndez, Gonzalo; Sánchez-Horcajuelo, Rocío; Trefftz, Nicolás Emmanuel; Villar, Alejandro
Adaptación de material curricular de herramientas TIC para la diversidad funcional en carreras STEM Journal Article
In: 2024.
@article{leon2024adaptacion,
title = {Adaptaci\'{o}n de material curricular de herramientas TIC para la diversidad funcional en carreras STEM},
author = {Carlos Le\'{o}n and Beatriz Alcaide and Susana Bautista and Virginia Francisco and Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Roc\'{i}o S\'{a}nchez-Horcajuelo and Nicol\'{a}s Emmanuel Trefftz and Alejandro Villar},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/105786
https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/165977ed-08d4-4986-a2ac-4eda619d3129/download},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
abstract = {El proyecto propone aportar valor en el proceso de aprendizaje de forma acumulativa (creando una base de datos de informaci\'{o}n que pueda ser reutilizada a\~{n}o tras a\~{n}o), involucrar a los estudiantes en el proceso de generaci\'{o}n y actualizaci\'{o}n de conocimiento, y tener en cuenta, con medidas concretas, la diversidad funcional de los estudiantes. M\'{a}s concretamente, en el proyecto se contempla implementar un prototipo de portal web y probar su resultado de forma experimental en 2 asignaturas en el curso 2023-2024 en la Facultad de Inform\'{a}tica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.},
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El proyecto propone aportar valor en el proceso de aprendizaje de forma acumulativa (creando una base de datos de información que pueda ser reutilizada año tras año), involucrar a los estudiantes en el proceso de generación y actualización de conocimiento, y tener en cuenta, con medidas concretas, la diversidad funcional de los estudiantes. Más concretamente, en el proyecto se contempla implementar un prototipo de portal web y probar su resultado de forma experimental en 2 asignaturas en el curso 2023-2024 en la Facultad de Informática de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Francisco, Virginia; Hervás, Raquel; Bel, María Cristina; Carpintero, María Elvira; Álvarez, Raul; Corsetti, Barbara; Beunza, Silvia
DAIDI: diseñando aplicaciones informáticas para personas con discapacidad intelectual (ApS 2023-24) Journal Article
In: 2024.
@article{francisco2024daidi,
title = {DAIDI: dise\~{n}ando aplicaciones inform\'{a}ticas para personas con discapacidad intelectual (ApS 2023-24)},
author = {Virginia Francisco and Raquel Herv\'{a}s and Mar\'{i}a Cristina Bel and Mar\'{i}a Elvira Carpintero and Raul \'{A}lvarez and Barbara Corsetti and Silvia Beunza},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108489
https://docta.ucm.es/bitstreams/1f8f49dc-ae5c-4016-ba6f-37035ae9a412/download},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
abstract = {El objetivo del proyecto DAIDI era crear aplicaciones inform\'{a}ticas que cubran necesidades reales de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Para conseguir este objetivo el proyecto constaba de las siguientes fases:
1. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE (programa formativo de la Facultad de Educaci\'{o}n de la UCM para j\'{o}venes con discapacidad intelectual) y varias entidades de personas con discapacidad intelectual (Aspace Segovia, Fundaci\'{o}n Esfera y el colegio Estudio3-AFANIAS) propondr\'{a}n aplicaciones que cubran necesidades reales de este colectivo.
2. En una de las primeras clases de la asignatura DSI (Dise\~{n}o de Sistemas Interactivos, Grado en Ingenier\'{i}a Inform\'{a}tica), los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y las entidades presentar\'{a}n sus propuestas. Una vez presentadas las propuestas, los estudiantes de DSI elegir\'{a}n en cuales de los proyectos propuestos desean trabajar.
3. Los estudiantes de DSI, durante el primer cuatrimestre, realizar\'{a}n el dise\~{n}o de las aplicaciones seleccionadas. Para realizar este dise\~{n}o, los estudiantes mantendr\'{a}n un contacto estrecho con las entidades y los estudiantes de ACCEDE, para obtener los requisitos de la aplicaci\'{o}n y para realizar una evaluaci\'{o}n del prototipo de dise\~{n}o creado al final de la asignatura.
4. En el segundo cuatrimestre, los estudiantes de la asignatura GPS (Gesti\'{o}n de Proyectos Software y metodolog\'{i}as de desarrollo, Grado en Ingenier\'{i}a del Software), dar\'{a}n funcionalidad a los prototipos de dise\~{n}o creados en DSI. Durante el segundo cuatrimestre tambi\'{e}n habr\'{a} contacto con las entidades y los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE que dar\'{a}n feedback sobre las aplicaciones creadas. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y los usuarios finales de las entidades implicadas examinar\'{a}n las aplicaciones con el objetivo de conseguir sistemas que realmente tenga en cuenta las necesidades y limitaciones de los usuarios finales.
5. A final de curso, se convocar\'{a} a las entidades y a los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y de las asignaturas implicadas (DSI y GPS) para presentar p\'{u}blicamente las aplicaciones creadas. Estas aplicaciones estar\'{a}n disponibles para todo aquel que desee utilizarlas.
},
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}
El objetivo del proyecto DAIDI era crear aplicaciones informáticas que cubran necesidades reales de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Para conseguir este objetivo el proyecto constaba de las siguientes fases:
1. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE (programa formativo de la Facultad de Educación de la UCM para jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual) y varias entidades de personas con discapacidad intelectual (Aspace Segovia, Fundación Esfera y el colegio Estudio3-AFANIAS) propondrán aplicaciones que cubran necesidades reales de este colectivo.
2. En una de las primeras clases de la asignatura DSI (Diseño de Sistemas Interactivos, Grado en Ingeniería Informática), los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y las entidades presentarán sus propuestas. Una vez presentadas las propuestas, los estudiantes de DSI elegirán en cuales de los proyectos propuestos desean trabajar.
3. Los estudiantes de DSI, durante el primer cuatrimestre, realizarán el diseño de las aplicaciones seleccionadas. Para realizar este diseño, los estudiantes mantendrán un contacto estrecho con las entidades y los estudiantes de ACCEDE, para obtener los requisitos de la aplicación y para realizar una evaluación del prototipo de diseño creado al final de la asignatura.
4. En el segundo cuatrimestre, los estudiantes de la asignatura GPS (Gestión de Proyectos Software y metodologías de desarrollo, Grado en Ingeniería del Software), darán funcionalidad a los prototipos de diseño creados en DSI. Durante el segundo cuatrimestre también habrá contacto con las entidades y los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE que darán feedback sobre las aplicaciones creadas. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y los usuarios finales de las entidades implicadas examinarán las aplicaciones con el objetivo de conseguir sistemas que realmente tenga en cuenta las necesidades y limitaciones de los usuarios finales.
5. A final de curso, se convocará a las entidades y a los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y de las asignaturas implicadas (DSI y GPS) para presentar públicamente las aplicaciones creadas. Estas aplicaciones estarán disponibles para todo aquel que desee utilizarlas.
1. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE (programa formativo de la Facultad de Educación de la UCM para jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual) y varias entidades de personas con discapacidad intelectual (Aspace Segovia, Fundación Esfera y el colegio Estudio3-AFANIAS) propondrán aplicaciones que cubran necesidades reales de este colectivo.
2. En una de las primeras clases de la asignatura DSI (Diseño de Sistemas Interactivos, Grado en Ingeniería Informática), los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y las entidades presentarán sus propuestas. Una vez presentadas las propuestas, los estudiantes de DSI elegirán en cuales de los proyectos propuestos desean trabajar.
3. Los estudiantes de DSI, durante el primer cuatrimestre, realizarán el diseño de las aplicaciones seleccionadas. Para realizar este diseño, los estudiantes mantendrán un contacto estrecho con las entidades y los estudiantes de ACCEDE, para obtener los requisitos de la aplicación y para realizar una evaluación del prototipo de diseño creado al final de la asignatura.
4. En el segundo cuatrimestre, los estudiantes de la asignatura GPS (Gestión de Proyectos Software y metodologías de desarrollo, Grado en Ingeniería del Software), darán funcionalidad a los prototipos de diseño creados en DSI. Durante el segundo cuatrimestre también habrá contacto con las entidades y los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE que darán feedback sobre las aplicaciones creadas. Los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y los usuarios finales de las entidades implicadas examinarán las aplicaciones con el objetivo de conseguir sistemas que realmente tenga en cuenta las necesidades y limitaciones de los usuarios finales.
5. A final de curso, se convocará a las entidades y a los estudiantes del programa ACCEDE y de las asignaturas implicadas (DSI y GPS) para presentar públicamente las aplicaciones creadas. Estas aplicaciones estarán disponibles para todo aquel que desee utilizarlas.
2023
Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
A tutorial-based learning objectives model and methodology for training in radiation emergency scenarios Journal Article
In: Asociación Interacción Persona-Ordenador (AIPO), pp. 33-41, 2023, ISSN: 2695-6578.
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title = {A tutorial-based learning objectives model and methodology for training in radiation emergency scenarios},
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year = {2023},
date = {2023-11-01},
urldate = {2023-11-01},
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Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
An evaluation on the effectiveness of virtual tutorials for training emergency professionals Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of Congreso Español de Videojuegos 2023, 2023, ISBN: 1613-0073.
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title = {An evaluation on the effectiveness of virtual tutorials for training emergency professionals},
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Marín, Alejandro; Ruiz, Alejandro; León, Carlos
Automatic identification of secondary narratives in videogames Proceedings Article
In: Congreso Español de Videojuegos 2023, 2023, ISBN: 1613-0073.
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title = {Automatic identification of secondary narratives in videogames},
author = { Alejandro Mar\'{i}n and Alejandro Ruiz and Carlos Le\'{o}n},
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Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
Virtual Reality Skills Acquisition in Simulated Radiation Emergency Response Learning Proceedings Article
In: Interaccion '23: Proceedings of the XXIII International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 2023.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {Virtual Reality Skills Acquisition in Simulated Radiation Emergency Response Learning},
author = {Alejandro Villar and Carlos Le\'{o}n},
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Villar, Alejandro; León, Carlos
User performance analysis in guided and non-guided stressful virtual reality scenarios Proceedings Article
In: Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications, pp. 314-323, AHFE International, 2023, ISBN: 2771-0718.
@inproceedings{nokey,
title = {User performance analysis in guided and non-guided stressful virtual reality scenarios},
author = {Alejandro Villar and Carlos Le\'{o}n},
doi = {10.54941/ahfe1004038},
isbn = {2771-0718},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
booktitle = {Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International. Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023): Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications},
pages = {314-323},
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Gervás, Pablo; Méndez, Gonzalo; Concepción, Eugenio
Evolutionary combination of connected event schemas into meaningful plots Journal Article
In: Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 7, 2023.
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title = {Evolutionary combination of connected event schemas into meaningful plots},
author = {Pablo Gerv\'{a}s and Gonzalo M\'{e}ndez and Eugenio Concepci\'{o}n},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
publisher = {Springer US New York},
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