@article {808,
	title = {Evolutionary combination of connected event schemas into meaningful plots},
	journal = {Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	month = {06/2023},
	issn = {1389-2576},
	doi = {10.1007/s10710-023-09454-2},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10710-023-09454-2},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Eugenio Concepci{\'o}n}
}
@article {807,
	title = {Evolutionary Combination of Subplot Patterns into Meaningful Plots},
	journal = {Researchsquare (preprint) - Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2169837/v1},
	url = {https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2169837/v1},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/v1_covered.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Eugenio Concepci{\'o}n}
}
@conference {817,
	title = {Evolutionary Story Sifting over the Log of a Social Simulation},
	booktitle = {XVII International Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation (WIVACE 2023)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	publisher = {Springer Nature},
	organization = {Springer Nature},
	address = {Venice, Italy},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57430-6_29},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-57430-6_29},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/WIVACE-2023-charade.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez}
}
@article {791,
	title = {The Effectiveness of a Video Game as an Educational Tool in Incrementing Interest in Dance among Younger Generations},
	journal = {Educational Technology \& Society},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2022},
	chapter = {56},
	author = {Romero-Hernandez, Alejandro and Gonzalez-Riojo, Manuel and El Yamri, Meriem and Manero, Borja}
}
@article {799,
	title = {Effects of negative emotional valence on readers{\textquoteright} text processing and memory for text: an eye-tracking study},
	journal = {Reading and Writing},
	year = {2022},
	month = {10/2022},
	author = {Barbara Arf{\'e} and Pablo Delatorre and Lucia Mason}
}
@article {788,
	title = {El videojuego como herramienta de alfabetizaci{\'o}n informacional en estudiantes universitarios},
	journal = {Profesional de la informaci{\'o}n},
	volume = {31},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	author = {Mart{\'\i}n, Oliver and Manero, Borja and Romero-Hernandez, Alejandro}
}
@conference {796,
	title = {Emotional Interpretation of Opera Seria: Impact of Specifics of Drama Structure},
	booktitle = { 14th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management},
	year = {2022},
	month = {10/2022},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/KDIR2022-opera-CRC.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and A. Torrente}
}
@conference {776,
	title = {Evolutionary Construction of Stories that Combine Several Plot Lines},
	booktitle = {Computational Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design {\textendash} 11th International Conference, EvoMUSART 2022},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Madrid, Spain},
	abstract = {Although the narrative structure of common entertainment products like Hollywood movies or TV series is generally composed of a number of different plot lines combined into a single narrative discourse, efforts on computational modeling of story generation have to this point focused mostly on the construction of stories with a single plot line. The present paper explores an evolutionary solution to the task of building a story that combines more than one plot line into a single linear discourse. This requires: a set of knowledge resources that capture the main features that influence the decisions involved, a representation suitable for evolutionary treatment for discourses with several plot lines, and a set of fitness functions based on metrics related to the quality of the resulting discourses. The proposed solution produces populations of stories with elaborate discourses that combine several subplots.},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03789-4_5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-03789-4_5},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Gervas_0.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Eugenio Concepci{\'o}n and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez}
}
@conference {794,
	title = {Evolutionary Stitching of Plot Units with Character Threads},
	booktitle = {WIVACE 2022 XVI International Workshop on Artificial Life and  Evolutionary Computation },
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@article {758,
	title = {Exploring Baselines for Combining Full Plots into Multiple-plot Stories},
	journal = {New Generation Computing},
	year = {2020},
	month = {10/2020},
	pages = {1-41},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {Many of the stories at the core of narrative entertainment involve a number of plot lines that combine to give them interest.
The present paper sets out to solve the problem of how several different plot lines, each one of them complete in its own sense, can be combined into a single linear sequence that works reasonably well as a plot. Starting from a brief review of how existing storytelling systems address the task, a representation for plots and plot templates is proposed that allows the combination of several subplots into a single plot line. Four strategies for weaving plots are proposed, two taken from literary studies and two computational baselines, and a formative evaluation of a set of stories produced by these solutions is presented. Finally, open issues, promising avenues of future work and the relation to previous work are discussed.},
	issn = {1882-7055},
	doi = {10.1007/s00354-020-00115-x},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00354-020-00115-x},
	author = {Eugenio Concepci{\'o}n and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez}
}
@conference {732,
	title = {Emolift: Elevator Conversations based on Emotions},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2019)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06/2019},
	address = {UNC Charlotte, North Carolina, USA},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/onateetal-iccc2019.pdf},
	author = {Alejandro O{\~n}ate and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {747,
	title = {Emotions-Responsive Audiences for VR Public Speaking Simulators Based on the Speakers{\textquoteright} Voice},
	booktitle = {2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {July},
	doi = {10.1109/ICALT.2019.00108},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Emotions_responsive_audience_El-Yamri.pdf},
	author = {M. El-Yamri and A. Romero-Hernandez and M. Gonzalez-Riojo and B. Manero}
}
@article {738,
	title = {Empirical Insights Into Short Story Draft Construction},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08},
	pages = {119192-119208},
	issn = {2169-3536},
	doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936919},
	author = {Le{\'o}n, Carlos and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Delatorre, Pablo}
}
@conference {733,
	title = {Evolving the INES story generation system: from single to multiple plot lines},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2019)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06/2019},
	address = {UNC Charlotte, North Carolina, USA},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Concepcionetal-iccc2019.pdf},
	author = {Eugenio Concepci{\'o}n and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez}
}
@conference {751,
	title = {Expert-based Assessment of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication Tool},
	booktitle = {XX International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Interacci{\'o}n 2019)},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {ACM Digital Library},
	organization = {ACM Digital Library},
	address = {Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain},
	doi = {doi.org/10.1145/3335595.3335631},
	url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3335631},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/a23-guasch.pdf},
	author = {Daniel Guasch and Israel Mart{\'\i}n-Escalona and Jos{\'e} A. Mac{\'\i}as and Lourdes Moreno and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Bautista, Susana}
}
@inbook {754,
	title = {Exploring Quantitative Evaluation of the Creativity of Automatic Poets},
	booktitle = {Computational Creativity - The Philosophy and Engineering of Autonomously Creative Systems},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {275--304},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {13},
	isbn = {978-3-319-43608-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-43610-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43610-4},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s},
	editor = {Tony Veale and F. Am{\'\i}lcar Cardoso}
}
@conference {735,
	title = {EmoTraductor: An{\'a}lisis Emocional para la Inclusi{\'o}n Digital},
	booktitle = {IV Congreso Internacional Universidad y Discapacidad (CIUD 2018)},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Fundaci{\'o}n ONCE},
	organization = {Fundaci{\'o}n ONCE},
	address = {Madrid, Spain},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/EmoTraductor-CIUD2018.pdf},
	author = {Paloma Guti{\'e}rrez Merino and Gema Eugercios Su{\'a}rez and Elena Kaloyanova Popova and Virginia Francisco and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel}
}
@article {714,
	title = {Exploring the Potential of Concept Associations for the Creative Generation of Linguistic Artifacts: a Case Study with Riddles and Rhetorical Figures},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {09/2018},
	type = {Original Research},
	chapter = {1792},
	abstract = {Automatic generation of linguistic artifacts is a problem that has been sporadically tackled over the years. The main goal of this paper is to explore how concept associations can be useful from a computational creativity point of view to generate some of these artifacts. We present an approach where finding associations between concepts that would not usually be considered as related (for example life and politics or diamond and concrete) could be the seed for the generation of creative and surprising linguistic artifacts such as rhetorical figures (life is like politics) and riddles (what is as hard as concrete?). The quality and appropriateness of the generated figures and riddles has been evaluated using human evaluators, and the results show that the concept associations obtained are useful for creating these kinds of creative artifacts.},
	issn = {1664-1078},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01792},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01792},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FrontiersVersionPublicada.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Paloma Galv{\'a}n}
}
@conference {646,
	title = {Exploring Creative Freedom in Real Time Story Generation},
	booktitle = {4th AISB Symposium on Computational Creativity (AISBCC 2017)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	address = {University of Bath, UK},
	abstract = {Interactive storytelling systems have become very popular
as they engage users in the creation of narrative. In order to explore a co-creation process where the final result is narrated while the user is playing, we have designed an interactive storytelling system that is able to generate a narration in real time while giving the user the possibility to decide what to do and where to go. The intended result is a tool that allows the author, the user and the system to co-create a narration giving the user, as the ultimate author of the resulting narration, the freedom to decide the course of the events. In this paper we focus on the structures that have been used to represent the stories and in the mechanisms designed to generate the narration so that a coherent and entertaining story can be presented to the user.},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/AISBCC2017.pdf},
	author = {Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Alejandro Mart{\'\i}n and Frank Julca}
}
@conference {681,
	title = {Exploring the Behavior of Classic REG Algorithms in the Description of Characters in 3D Images},
	booktitle = {International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG2017)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	address = {Santiago de Compostela, Spain},
	abstract = {Describing people and characters can be very useful in different contexts, such as computational narrative or image description for the visually impaired. However, a review of the existing literature shows that the automatic generation of people descriptions has not received much attention. Our work focuses on the description of people in snapshots from a 3D environment. First, we have conducted a survey to identify the way in which people describe other people under different conditions. We have used the information extracted from this survey to design several Referring Expression Generation algorithms which produce similar results. We have evaluated these algorithms with users in order to identify which ones generate the best description for specific characters in different situations. The evaluation has shown that, in order to generate good descriptions, a combination of different algorithms has to be used depending on the features and situation of the person to be described.},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/W17-3507},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-3507},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/inlg17_v1_0.pdf},
	author = {Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Bautista, Susana and Adri{\'a}n Rabad{\'a}n and Teresa Rodr{\'\i}guez-Ferreira}
}
@article {652,
	title = {El impacto del dise{\~n}o de actividades en el plagio de Internet en educaci{\'o}n superior},
	journal = {Comunicar},
	volume = {XXIV},
	number = {48},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {48},
	chapter = {39},
	issn = {1134-3478},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C48-2016-04},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Comunicar2016.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and G{\'o}mez Espinosa, M. and Pablo Moreno-Ger}
}
@conference {632,
	title = {Empirical Determination of Basic Heuristics for Narrative Content Planning},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Computational Creativity and Natural Language Generation Workshop, International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG 2016)},
	year = {2016},
	address = {Edimburgh, Scotland},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/CC-INLG2016Gervas-CRC.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {644,
	title = {Empirical Evidence of the Limits of Automatic Assessment of Fictional Ideation},
	booktitle = {C3GI at ESSLLI 2016 Computational Creativity, Concept Invention, and General Intelligence},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Alan Tapscott and Javier G{\'o}mez and Carlos Le{\'o}n and Jasmina Smailovic and Martin Znidarsic and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {641,
	title = {Enriched semantic graphs for extractive text summarization},
	booktitle = {Conference of the Spanish Association for Artificial Intelligence},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	doi = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44636-3 20},
	author = {Sevilla, Antonio F. G. and Fernandez-Isabel, Alberto and D{\'\i}az, Alberto}
}
@conference {631,
	title = {An Exploratory Model of Remembering, Telling and Understanding Experience in Simple Agents},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Computational Creativity, Concept Invention, and General Intelligence Workshop (C3GI 2016)},
	year = {2016},
	address = {Bolzano, Italy},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/c3gi2016GervasCRC.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {625,
	title = {Exploring the Role of Word Associations in the Construction of Rhetorical Figures},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC 2016)},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	address = {Paris, France},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/GalvanEtAl.pdf},
	author = {Paloma Galv{\'a}n and Virginia Francisco and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Gonzalo M{\'e}ndez and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {672,
	title = {Estudios preliminares sobre el suspense narrativo e interactivo},
	booktitle = {VI Jornadas Predoctorales de la Escuela Superior de Ingenier{\'\i}a},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Escuela Superior de Ingenier{\'\i}a (Universidad de C{\'a}diz)},
	organization = {Escuela Superior de Ingenier{\'\i}a (Universidad de C{\'a}diz)},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Delatorre\%202015\%20-\%20Estudios\%20preliminares\%20del\%20suspense.pdf},
	author = {Delatorre, Pablo and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Palomo-Duarte, Manuel}
}
@conference {526,
	title = {Evolutionary Elaboration of Daily News as a Poetic Stanza},
	booktitle = {IX Congreso Espa{\~n}ol de Metaheur{\'\i}sticas, Algoritmos Evolutivos y Bioinspirados - MAEB 2013},
	year = {2013},
	month = {09/2013},
	address = {Universidad Complutense de MAdrid, Madrid, Spain},
	keywords = {poetry generation},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/maeb_rev.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {518,
	title = {Exploring Morphosyntactic Annotation Over a Spanish Corpus for Dependency Parsing},
	booktitle = {DepLing 2013},
	year = {2013},
	author = {Miguel Ballesteros and Simon Mille and Alicia Burga}
}
@article {550,
	title = {Extracting Drug-Drug interaction from text using negation features},
	journal = {Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2013},
	chapter = {49},
	issn = {1135-5948},
	author = {Bokharaeian, Behrouz and D{\'\i}az, Alberto and Miguel Ballesteros}
}
@conference {663,
	title = {El juegof{\'o}rum: experiencias en el an{\'a}lisis colaborativo de videojuegos dentro del {\'a}mbito universitario},
	booktitle = {Congreso Internacional de Videojuegos y Educaci{\'o}n},
	year = {2012},
	month = {02/2012},
	address = {Alfaz del Pi, Alicante, Espa{\~n}a},
	author = {Peinado, Federico and Santorum, Michael and Ord{\'o}{\~n}ez, Juan Pablo}
}
@conference {662,
	title = {El videojuego educativo como sistema autorreferencial: el curioso caso de Game Guru},
	booktitle = {Congreso Internacional de  Videojuegos y Educaci{\'o}n},
	year = {2012},
	month = {02/2012},
	address = {Alfaz del Pi, Alicante, Espa{\~n}a},
	author = {Peinado, Federico and L{\'o}pez-Ma{\~n}as, Enrique and Pablo Moreno-Ger}
}
@article {508,
	title = {EmoTag: An Approach to Automated Markup of Emotions in Texts},
	journal = {Computational Intelligence},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
	issn = {1467-8640},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00438.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00438.x},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FranciscoGervasCI.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@article {501,
	title = {An Emotion-based Model of Negation, Intensifiers, and Modality for Polarity and Intensity Classification},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST). In press},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Carrillo de Albornoz, Jorge and Plaza, Laura}
}
@inbook {485,
	title = {Enhancing Dependency Analysis by Combining Specific Dependency Parsers},
	booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Hybrid Systems},
	year = {2012},
	edition = {iConcept Press. In press},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/document.pdf},
	author = {Miguel Ballesteros and Jes{\'u}s Herrera and Virginia Francisco and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {661,
	title = {Exploring Body Language as Narrative Interface},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling},
	year = {2012},
	month = {11/2012},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag},
	organization = {Springer Verlag},
	address = {San Sebasti{\'a}n, Espa{\~n}a},
	isbn = {978-3-642-34850-1},
	author = {Alvarez-Ayerza, Nahum and Peinado, Federico}
}
@article {458,
	title = {EmoTales: creating a corpus of folk tales with emotional annotations},
	journal = {Language Resources and Evaluation},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2011},
	month = {02/2011},
	chapter = {1},
	issn = {1574-0218 },
	doi = {10.1007/s10579-011-9140-5},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/LRE_FranciscoGervasPeinadoGervas_2011.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Peinado, Federico and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {463,
	title = {Empirical Identification of Text Simplification Strategies for Reading-Impaired People},
	booktitle = {European Conference for the Advancement of Assistive Technology},
	year = {2011},
	month = {09/2011},
	address = {Maastricht, the Netherlands},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/AAATE_BautistaLeonHervasGervas.pdf},
	author = {Bautista, Susana and Carlos Le{\'o}n and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@proceedings {470,
	title = {Experimental Identification of the Use of Hedges in the  Simplification of Numerical Expressions},
	journal = {Second Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies (SLPAT)},
	year = {2011},
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	keywords = {simplification},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/BautistaetAl_SLPAT.pdf},
	author = {Bautista, Susana and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Richard Power and Sandra Williams}
}
@conference {486,
	title = { Engineering Linguistic Creativity: Bird Flight and Jet Planes},
	booktitle = {NAACL HLT 2010 Second Workshop on Computational Approaches to Linguistic Creativity},
	year = {2010},
	month = {June 2010},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	address = {Los Angeles},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W10/W10-0304.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@proceedings {382,
	title = {Evolutionary and Case-Based Approaches to REG: NIL-UCM-EvoTAP, NIL-UCM-ValuesCBR and NIL-UCM-EvoCBR},
	journal = {12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG{\textquoteright}09)},
	year = {2009},
	month = {04/2009},
	address = {Athens, Greece},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/NILSubmissionTUNA09_v3.pdf},
	author = {Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@mastersthesis {388,
	title = {Expresiones de Referencia y Figuras Ret{\'o}ricas para la Distinci{\'o}n y Descripci{\'o}n de Entidades en Discursos Generados Autom{\'a}ticamente (Spanish version)},
	volume = {PhD Thesis},
	year = {2009},
	school = {UCM},
	abstract = {El campo de la interacci{\'o}n hombre-m{\'a}quina ha ido evolucionando r{\'a}pidamente en los {\'u}ltimos a{\~n}os, convirti{\'e}ndose en un elemento fundamental de cualquier sistema inform{\'a}tico. Si un sistema es capaz de comunicarse con un ser humano mediante interacciones que a {\'e}ste le resulten naturales y amigables (voz, im{\'a}genes, etc.), el usuario ser{\'a} mucho m{\'a}s perceptivo hacia la informaci{\'o}n que est{\'a} recibiendo y tendr{\'a} m{\'a}s confianza en la aplicaci{\'o}n.

En este sentido, un campo fundamental dentro de la interacci{\'o}n hombre-m{\'a}quina es el de la Generaci{\'o}n de Lenguaje Natural (GLN), un subcampo de la Inteligencia Artificial y la Ling{\"u}{\'\i}stica Computacional que se encarga del dise{\~n}o e implementaci{\'o}n de sistemas que producen textos comprensibles en lenguajes humanos. Entre todos los problemas que se deben resolver para que el proceso completo de generaci{\'o}n resulte satisfactorio, se encuentra el de decidir c{\'o}mo habr{\'a} que referirse a las entidades o elementos que aparecer{\'a}n en el texto.

La tarea de Generaci{\'o}n de Expresiones de Referencia se encarga de resolver este problema concreto. Las diferentes menciones al mismo elemento en un texto deben ser reemplazadas por la forma espec{\'\i}fica en que referirse a ellas o referencias. A la hora de planificar las referencias de un texto se deben tener en cuenta dos prop{\'o}sitos. En primer lugar, una referencia a un elemento del discurso debe permitir al lector u oyente distinguir a este elemento de cualquier otro presente en el contexto con el que se pudiera confundir. Por otro lado, en ocasiones las referencias contendr{\'a}n informaci{\'o}n que m{\'a}s all{\'a} de la funci{\'o}n de distinguir pretendan adem{\'a}s describir las entidades a las que se refieren, presentando informaci{\'o}n relevante sobre las mismas previamente desconocida. 
 
De estas dos funciones (distintiva y descriptiva), s{\'o}lo la primera ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la literatura. Se pueden encontrar numerosos trabajos que se encargan de abarcar el problema de la generaci{\'o}n de expresiones de referencia con funci{\'o}n distintiva estudiando aspectos como la minimalidad de una expresi{\'o}n, la semejanza de la expresi{\'o}n a las utilizadas por los seres humanos, la no ambig{\"u}edad de la referencia generada, etc.  

En cuanto a la descripci{\'o}n de entidades, aunque existen trabajos sobre generaci{\'o}n de lenguaje natural basada en descripciones, se ha realizado poco trabajo desde el punto de vista del enriquecimiento del discurso con expresiones descriptivas que adem{\'a}s realcen cierta informaci{\'o}n considerada importante, o sobre la relaci{\'o}n de este proceso con la funci{\'o}n distintiva de las referencias.

En este trabajo se aborda la generaci{\'o}n de referencias de dos maneras diferentes. En primer lugar se proponen soluciones alternativas y mejoras a los algoritmos cl{\'a}sicos de generaci{\'o}n de expresiones de referencia b{\'a}sica con funci{\'o}n distintiva. Se aborda el problema desde tres frentes diferentes: c{\'o}mo adecuar el nivel de abstracci{\'o}n al que se est{\'a}n nombrando las referencias seg{\'u}n el contexto de la situaci{\'o}n, qu{\'e} estrategia de b{\'u}squeda usar para la elecci{\'o}n de los atributos que permitan distinguir a un concepto, y qu{\'e} palabras o expresiones resultan m{\'a}s adecuadas para expresar una referencia en lenguaje natural. Para cada uno de estos frentes se presentan soluciones basadas en t{\'e}cnicas y recursos cl{\'a}sicos de la Inteligencia Artificial como son los algoritmos evolutivos, el razonamiento basado en casos, o las ontolog{\'\i}as. Adem{\'a}s se evaluar{\'a}n las diferentes soluciones presentadas teniendo en cuenta las m{\'e}tricas cl{\'a}sicas en este campo. 

En segundo lugar se explora el enriquecimiento de un discurso dado aportando informaci{\'o}n descriptiva utilizando figuras ret{\'o}ricas basadas en similitudes entre dominios como la comparaci{\'o}n y la analog{\'\i}a. Para que sea posible utilizar este tipo de figuras en un sistema de generaci{\'o}n de lenguaje natural se deben resolver problemas de arquitectura, fuentes de conocimiento, determinaci{\'o}n de las analog{\'\i}as y comparaciones, etc. En este trabajo se estudian estos problemas y se propone un marco general para abordar la generaci{\'o}n de este tipo de referencias.

Los resultados obtenidos para las soluciones propuestas en este trabajo dan lugar a una discusi{\'o}n sobre aspectos a mejorar en trabajo futuro y limitaciones de los algoritmos implementados. Tambi{\'e}n se discute la relaci{\'o}n de la generaci{\'o}n de expresiones de referencia, desde el punto de vista de sus funciones distintiva y descriptiva, con el resto del proceso de generaci{\'o}n de lenguaje natural.

Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones de esta investigaci{\'o}n, as{\'\i} como l{\'\i}neas abiertas para trabajo futuro y campos de aplicaci{\'o}n de las soluciones y resultados obtenidos.},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/HervasTesis.pdf},
	author = {Herv{\'a}s, Raquel}
}
@proceedings {248,
	title = {The Effect of Entity Recognition on Answer Validation},
	journal = {Evaluation of Multilingual and Multi-modal Information Retrieval. 7th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2006. Revised Selected Papers},
	volume = {4730},
	year = {2007},
	month = {09/2007},
	pages = {483--489},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Alicante, Spain},
	isbn = {978-3-540-74998-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-74999-8_57},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/ave2006lncs.pdf},
	author = {{\'A}lvaro Rodrigo and Anselmo Pe{\~n}as and Jes{\'u}s Herrera and Felisa Verdejo and Carol Peters and Paul Clough and F.C. Gey and Jussi Karlgren and Bernardo Magnini and D.W. Oard and Maarten de Rijke and Maximilian Stempfhuber}
}
@conference {FranciscoHervasDCEUROLAN2007,
	title = {EmoTag: Automated Mark Up of Affective Information in Texts},
	booktitle = {EUROLAN 2007 Summer School Doctoral Consortium},
	year = {2007},
	month = {July 2007},
	pages = {5{\textendash}12},
	address = {Iasi, Romania},
	isbn = {978-973-703-246-1},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FranciscoHervasDCEUROLAN2007.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel}
}
@conference {HervasEtAlMICAI07,
	title = {Enrichment of Automatically Generated Texts using Metaphor},
	booktitle = {6th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI-07)},
	volume = {4827},
	year = {2007},
	month = {11/2007},
	pages = {944{\textendash}954},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag, LNAI Series},
	organization = {Springer Verlag, LNAI Series},
	address = {Aguascalientes, Mexico},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/3202631637jv66g8/},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/HervasEtAlMICAI07.pdf},
	author = {Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Costa, Rui and Costa, Hugo and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Camara Pereira, Francisco}
}
@conference {HervasEtAlEVOMUSART07,
	title = {Evolutionary Assistance in Alliteration and Allelic Drivel},
	booktitle = {EvoMusArt 2007,EvoWorkshops 2007, dentro de Evo* 2007 (conferencia m{\'u}ltiple en el campo de la Programaci{\'o}n Evolutiva)},
	volume = {4448},
	year = {2007},
	month = {04/2007},
	pages = {537{\textendash}546},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag, LNCS Series},
	organization = {Springer Verlag, LNCS Series},
	address = {Valencia, Spain},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/x31l901535711710/},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/HervasEtAlEVOMUSART07.pdf},
	author = {Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Robinson, Jason and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@proceedings {249,
	title = {Experiments of UNED at the Third Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge},
	journal = {Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing},
	year = {2007},
	month = {06/2007},
	pages = {89--94},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/W07-1415.pdf},
	author = {{\'A}lvaro Rodrigo and Anselmo Pe{\~n}as and Jes{\'u}s Herrera and Felisa Verdejo and Satoshi Sekine and Kentaro Inui and Ido Dagan and Bill Dolan and Danilo Giampiccolo and Bernardo Magnini}
}
@conference {Francisco2007,
	title = {Expressive Synthesis of Read Aloud Tales},
	booktitle = {Artificial \& Ambient Intelligence (AISB{\textquoteright}07)},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April 2007},
	pages = {179{\textendash}186},
	address = {Culture Lab, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FranciscoetalAISB07.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and M{\'o}nica Gonz{\'a}lez and Carlos Le{\'o}n}
}
@article { PeinadoGervasNGC06,
	title = {Evaluation of Automatic Generation of Basic Stories},
	journal = {New Generation Computing},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {JRC-SCIE 2006: 0.694 / Computer Science, Hardware \& Architecture: 22/44 / Computer Science, Theory \& Methods: 45/75},
	pages = {289-302},
	publisher = {Omsha Springer},
	issn = {0288-3635},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/2006-peinado-evaluation-PRE.pdf},
	author = {Peinado, Federico and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {FranciscoGervasAAAI2006,
	title = {Exploring the Compositionality of Emotions in Text: Word Emotions, Sentence Emotions and Automated Tagging},
	booktitle = {Computational Aesthetics: Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Beauty and Happiness},
	year = {2006},
	month = {July 2006},
	publisher = {AAAI Press},
	organization = {AAAI Press},
	address = {Boston},
	isbn = {978-1-57735-286-0},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FranciscoGervasAAAI2006.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {DBLP:conf/um/DiazGG05,
	title = {Evaluation of a System for Personalized Summarization of Web Contents},
	booktitle = {User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference, UM 2005},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {453-462},
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Diaz\%20et\%20al\%202005\%20\%28UM\%29.pdf},
	author = {D{\'\i}az, Alberto and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Garc{\'\i}a, Antonio}
}
@conference {HervasGervasEWNLG05,
	title = {An Evolutionary Approach to Referring Expression Generation and Aggregation},
	booktitle = {10th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG{\textquoteright}05)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {08/2005},
	pages = {168-173},
	address = {Aberdeen, England},
	url = {http://belobog.si.umich.edu/clair/anthology/query.cgi?type=Paper\&id=W05-1620},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/HervasGervasEWNLG05.pdf},
	author = {Herv{\'a}s, Raquel and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {558,
	title = {Experiments With Assessment of Creative Systems: An Application of Ritchie{\textquoteright}s Criteria},
	booktitle = {Second Computational Creativity Workshop, IJCAI2005, July 2005},
	year = {2005},
	month = {07/2005},
	publisher = {School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh},
	organization = {School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh},
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/1043_pub_PereiraMateusGervasCardoso.pdf},
	author = {Francisco C{\^a}mara Pereira and Mateus Mendes and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Cardoso, Am{\'\i}lcar}
}
@conference {FranciscoEtAlUCAMI2005,
	title = {Expresi{\'o}n de emociones en la s{\'\i}ntesis de voz en contextos narrativos},
	booktitle = {Primer Simposio sobre Computaci{\'o}n Ubicua e Inteligencia Ambiental (UCAmi{\textquoteright}05)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {09/2005},
	pages = {353{\textendash}360},
	publisher = {Thomson},
	organization = {Thomson},
	address = {Granada, Spain},
	isbn = {84-9732-442-0},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/FranciscoEtAlUCAMI2005.pdf},
	author = {Virginia Francisco and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Herv{\'a}s, Raquel}
}
@conference { GER02exploring,
	title = {Exploring Quantitative Evaluations of the Creativity of Automatic Poets},
	booktitle = {Workshop on Creative Systems, Approaches to Creativity in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	year = {2002},
	url = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/GervasECAIws2002.pdf},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/GervasECAIws2002.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@article { GER01expert,
	title = {An Expert System for the Composition of Formal Spanish Poetry},
	journal = {Journal of Knowledge-Based Systems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {181-188},
	url = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/GervasJKBS2001.pdf},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/GervasJKBS2001.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Gerv{\'a}s}
}
@conference {DBLP:conf/ercimdl/EstebanGJ00,
	title = {Evaluating a User-Model Based Personalisation Architecture for Digital News Services},
	booktitle = {Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 4th European Conference, ECDL 2000},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {259-268},
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-45268-0},
	attachments = {http://nil.fdi.ucm.es/sites/default/files/Diaz\%20et\%20al\%202000\%20\%28ECDL\%29.pdf},
	author = {D{\'\i}az, Alberto and Pablo Gerv{\'a}s and Garc{\'\i}a, Antonio}
}
